Project Mgmt processes

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American businesses have often been criticized for short-term thinking that places too much emphasis on payback period and ROR. When Honda started making cars in the early 1970s, for example, the chief executive officer stated that the firm would be “willing to accept an ROR no greater than 2% or 3% for as long as it took to be recognized as the best car maker in the world.” In light of the success of many Japanese firms, is the criticism of American business justified?
Most countries have a progressive income tax system whereby each dollar earned in incrementally higher tax brackets is taxed at an increasingly higher rate. Do you think that a flat tax system would be more fair? How about a proportional tax system? Explain your answer.
Question 2 Activity I: A young engineer decides to save $240 per year toward retirement in 40 years.

If he invests this sum at the end of every year at 9%, then how much will be accumulated by retirement time?
If by astute investing the interest rate could be raised to 12%, then what sum could be saved?
If he deposits one fourth of this annual amount each quarter ($60 per quarter) in an interest bearing account earning a nominal annual interest rate of 12%, compounded quarterly, how much could be saved by retirement time?
In part (c), then what annual effective interest rate is being earned?
Activity II: Maurice Micklewhite has decided to replant his garden. Show him what the cost is of making an erroneous decision at various stages of the project, starting with conceptual design and ending with the ongoing maintenance of the garden.

 

Sample Solution

directly to the training company to interview teachers or managers, ask relevant questions and invite them to answer them. At the same time, interview the teachers in the training institutions face to face, you can also have the opportunity to ask questions. Therefore, more complex problems can be discussed, and new and in-depth information can be obtained. (Lestrel,2010).

Limitations
Compared with the questionnaire, the interview requires more time, manpower and material resources. For example, interviewing teachers from several different training companies, you need to go to several different places. Due to the time consuming of the interview survey, it is difficult to conduct it on a large scale, so the sample of general interview survey is small(Lestrel,2010).

As the interviewees are required to answer in person, the interviewees may feel concerned about the lack of privacy, especially for some sensitive questions, such as the evaluation of students’ ability in the training company, which may make the interviewees avoid or fail to answer truthfully.

The interview survey has a flexible aspect, but it also increases the randomness of the survey process. The answers of different interviewees are various and there is no unified answer. Therefore, the processing and analysis of interview results are more complicated. (Cacciattolo, 2015).

Reliability and Validity
Because the interview process is fast, the respondent often cannot think for a long time when answering the question. Therefore, the answer is often the spontaneous response of the respondent. This answer is more realistic, reliable, and rarely disguised or faked (Menezes, 2012).
Since interviews are often face-to-face conversations, there are fewer respondents and higher response rates. Even if the respondent refuses to answer certain questions, he can get an overview of his attitude towards the issue.

How to collect and analyse the data
The interview survey is an exchange conducted between the two parties. Due to ethical considerations, recording will not be performed on the spot. The collection of data can only be recorded by paper and pen. Record the conversation as completely as possible to avoid missing important information. The processing of the results is also as uniform as possible. To find common ground, must also pay attention to the new information. (Cacciattolo, 2015).

3.4.4 Focus Group
Focus Group is a conversation with a group of respondents in a semi-structured form by a moderator. The moderator is responsible for organizing the discussion. The main purpose of the group discussion method is to gain a deep understanding of some related issues by listening to a group of respondents selected from the target market that the researcher wants to study. (Lestrel,2010)
For the purposes of this study, participants were not observed and recorded for ethical considerations, and because of time and manpower, the focus group team was more difficult to study, so it will not be used

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