PSYCHOLOGY 2103; Observation Report

 

 

 

 

Complete a childhood (between 2-9 years of age) observation report in which physical and social behavior is evaluated within the context of developmental norms.
A minimum of three physical behaviors and three social behaviors must be observed and evaluated.
When observing a child, you are required to do so in a public area (playground, mall, library, etc.) and should not draw attention to yourself so the child is aware he or she is being observed. Please get parental permission for our observation. If you need guidance in locating a child to observe, please contact your Instructor immediately.
In addition to the observation, students must evaluate the child’s behavior compared to what is typical of a child of that age. For physical observations, students should evaluate the child according to developmental norms. For cognitive/social behavior, students should evaluate the child using at least two theories discussed in class. These theories can include Piaget’s theory, attachment theory, Erikson’s theory, etc.

The observation report must be typed in 12 point, Times New Roman font, double spaced with one inch margins. The observation report must be a minimum of three pages and grammatically correct.
Examples of physical behavior can include: Approximate height/weight, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, play activities, feeding behavior
Examples of social behavior can include: Expression of emotion, language, relationship with other children, relationship with caregivers

Sample Solution

The compounds of interest are very beneficial for drug delivery applications because of their ability to control drug release and their protection properties [75]. Currently, stimuli-sensitive nanoparticles which affected by the changes in pH, temperature and magnetic fields gained great concern [76-79].

The term “polymeric nanoparticle” encompasses nanospheres and nanocapsules.
Nanospheres are defined as a polymeric matrix in which the drug is homogeneously dispersed (typically as a solid solution in polymer) and nanocapsules are described as a polymeric membrane that surrounds the drug in the matrix core[80] (either as a solid solution or a solution in oil).

Advantages of polymeric nanoparticles include: [81, 82]
(1) improve the stability of any volatile pharmaceutical agents, simply and economically fabricated in large quantities by a huge number of methods, (2) they present a significant improvement over conventional oral and intravenous routes of administration in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, (3) delivers a higher concentration of pharmaceutical agent to the required location, (4) the selection of polymer and the capability of modifying drug release from polymeric nanoparticles have made them typical choice for cancer therapy, delivery of vaccines, contraceptives and delivery of targeted antibiotics and (5) Polymeric nanoparticles can be easily included into other activities related to drug delivery, such as tissue engineering.

In nanoparticles formulations wide variety of polymers can be used according to the nature of drug and usage. (i.e.) Biodegradable polymers for short term therapy (e.g. Chemotherapeutic agents) and non-biodegradable polymers for long term therapy (e.g. Vaccines) [83].
The PNPs are obtained from synthetic polymers, such as poly- Ɛ-caprolactone [84], poly-acrylamide [85] and polyacrylate [86], or natural polymers, e.g., Albumin [87], DNA[88], chitosan [88, 89] and gelatin [90].Based on in vivo behavior, PNPs may be classified as biodegradable, i.e., Poly (L-lactide) (PLA) [91], polyglycolide (PGA) [92], and non biodegradable, e.g. Polyurethane [93].

The drug release along the GIT can be controlled using pH-sensitive materials, in which the drug is released particularly in the small intestine near the absorption site. PH-dependent materials, which are insoluble in the acidic medium of the stomach, but dissolve in the intestinal fluid, are called e

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