Select a single passage, thought, or quotation from Meditations. Write 300 words about how you find this
passage/thought/quotation to be meaningful or helpful in your own meditations on your life.
is study has several limitations. The retrospective nature of this review resulted in the exclusion of patients who did not have appropriate documentation in the electronic medical record. However, the senior author began to prospectively collect these data early in the series. Patients in our study almost exclusively underwent a 2-incision transosseus fixation technique. An intact lacertus fibrosis may also confuse the examiner, highlighting the importance of actually “hooking” the tendon rather than simply palpating for a tendon in the antecubital fossa. The contralateral “normal” elbow should always be tested for comparison.
The hook test/resisted hook test have been proven that are useful tools for the quick and definitive diagnosis of distal biceps tendon ruptures, with specificity (100%) and sensivity (100%) higher than MRI.
We developed Algorithm that can guide clinical to diagnosing primary distal biceps tendon tears using hook and resisted hook tests.
To avoid misunderstandings, the reader must pay close attention to our definitions. Biceps avulsions were defined as complete if there were no tissues in continuity between the end of the biceps tendon and the radial tuberosity, such that the tendon could be retrieved from the wound without surgical release of tissues. Thus, if any surgical release was required to retrieve the tendon from the wound, we did not consider the avulsion to be complete. Devereaux and ElMar- reported 100% specificity and sensitivity for the hook test to detect 30 acute biceps avulsions but reported 8 false negatives in 18 chronic avulsions. Unfortunately, they did not use the same definition for complete avulsions as we originally reported. They stated that “the presence of a pseudo-tendon, often seen in chronic presentations, can also provide a ‘hookable’ cord and be mistaken for an intact tendon.” Such a pseudotendon has to be surgically released to retrieve the tendon, and therefore, we would have defined those as partial, not complete, tears, and thus, they would not have been false positives according to the original definition. However, it is not the terminol
