Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are more reliable and accurate than thermocouples

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Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are more reliable and accurate than thermocouples. They have a sensing element which often contains a grid of conductive film or a coil of wire.

Materials to be used as sensing elements and wire materials for RTDs to select the suitable detector

The materials to be used as sensing elements for Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) include platinum, nickel, copper, and iron. Platinum sensing elements can be exposed to temperatures of up to 1200 0F. Materials such as nickel/iron alloy, copper, and nickel can also be used. However, they cannot be exposed to higher temperatures like platinum. Their useful temperatures are often lower than platinum temperatures.

Materials such as tinned copper, nickel-plated copper, nickel alloys, and nickel can be used as wire materials. The maximum usage temperature for tinned copper is 221 0F, silver-plated copper 400 0F, nickel-plated copper 500 0F, and solid nickel wire 1200 0F (Desmarais et al., 2021).

How thermocouples types and temperature ranges are involved

Thermocouples have two electrical conductors made of different materials connected at one end. Various types of thermocouples include Types E, J, K, N, T, R, S, and B. Types E, J, K, N, and T are referred to as base metal thermocouples. They are made of silicon, iron, aluminum, nickel, and copper. Thermocouple types have their preferred usage conditions. For example, the temperature limit for Type J thermocouples is 1000 0F (Desmarais et al., 2021). Bare type T thermocouples have a limit of 700 0F. The temperature range for type S and R thermocouples is 1000 to 2700 0F, while the temperature range for type B thermocouples is 1000 to 3100 0F. Various types of thermocouples have different applications based on their temperature ranges.

 

What Would Be Some Of The Factors That Drive Your Selection Of A Given Senor In A Given Situation? How Would You Structure The Decision Process?

Sample Solution

The foregoing is argued to beget mistrust between the two parties, particularly from the shareholders (employers). Consequently, the mistrust increases the inclination of enhanced monitoring of the agents’ (directors and managers) activities. Upon the foregoing principle lies the foundation of auditing profession (Millichamp & Taylor, 2008). The theory further expounds on the principle agent problem, that is, agency dilemma. The dilemma is said to be occasioned by the inclination of the agent’s inclination to act in his own best interest rather than those of the principal. There is a likelihood of moral hazard and conflict of interest arising in the corporate scene.

It is exemplified that, the principal (shareholders) may be sufficiently concerned that at the likelihood of being exploited by the agent (directors and managers) that a dilemma may arise in hiring the right agents. The foregoing is necessitated by the desire to minimize or get rid of agency costs (Bebchuk & Fried, 2004). According to Adams (1994), the agency theory can provide for richer and more meaningful research in the internal audit discipline. Agency theory contends that internal auditing, in common with other intervention mechanisms like financial reporting and external audit, helps to maintain cost-efficient contracting between owners and managers.

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