Selective media and differential media.

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• Use the information presented in the module folder along with your readings from the textbook to answer the following questions.

1. Define the following terms: sterilization, disinfection, and sanitization. How are each of these terms different from one another?

2. Compare and contrast selective media and differential media. Give examples of each type of media:

3. Define the following terms used to describe bacterial morphology or bacterial arrangements and give examples of SPECIFIC organisms that are representatives of each category of Morphology AND Arrangements. For example: an example of a cocci organism is Staphylococcus aureus
a) Morphology:
1. Cocci –
2. Bacilli –
3. Vibrios
4. Spirilla
5. Spirochete –
b) Arrangements:
1. Diplo –
2. Strepto-
3. Staphlo-

4. Describe the four (4) different stages of the bacterial population growth curve:

5. Describe how the following factors influence microbial growth. Use the information found in your assigned reading on oxygen, pH, osmotic pressure, and temperature requirements for microbial growth. (Terms such as thermophile, mesophile, halophile, acidophile, obligate anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, etc. should be used in your descriptions)

 

Sample Solution

To isolate or identify specific organisms, selective and differential media are used. Selective media promote the growth of certain organisms while inhibiting the growth of others. Selectivity is achieved in a variety of ways. Organisms that can use a certain sugar, for example, can be easily screened by making that sugar the sole carbon source in the medium. Selective inhibition of particular types of microbes, on the other hand, can be performed by introducing dyes, antibiotics, salts, or specialized inhibitors that impact the organisms’ metabolism or enzyme systems. Gram-negative bacteria are inhibited by media containing potassium tellurite, sodium azide, or thallium acetate (at concentrations of 0.1 – 0.5 g/l). Penicillin-supplemented media

ortunities immediately draw attention to the traits he processed and how they might have contributed to his leadership style. In the early 20th century, leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people great leaders . The theory that derived from this research was known as the “Great Man Theory”.

Trait Approach

Scholarly studies have shown that there is a wide variety of different theoretical approaches to leadership. In a number of their research papers the trait approach continues to appear and therefore it would leave you to believe that there must be credibility in this theory. From the very beginning of any literature on de Gaulle, he and his leadership style are described through his characteristic. The strong referencing of de Gaulle’s characteristics leads to identifiable traits and draw evaluation of de Gaulle through this lens.

The trait theory was one of the first systematic attempts to study leadership . It focused on identifying the innate qualities and characteristics posed by great social, political, and military leaders . It was believed that people were born with these traits and only “great people possessed them .

In the mid 20th century the approach was challenged and suggested that no consistent set of traits differentiated leaders from non-leaders across a variety of situations . Recent years have seen the resurgence in the trait approach; in short, the trait approach is alive and well . It began with the emphasis on identifying the qualities of a great person; next, it shifted to include the impact of a situation on leadership; and most recently, it has shift back to re-emphasise the critical role of traits in effective leadership .

Historian Thomas Carlyle also had a major influence on this theory of leadership, at one point stating that, “The history of the world is but the biography of great men.” According to Carlyle, effective leaders are those gifted with divine inspiration and the right characteristics . Research has proven that the “Great man” theory is flawed in some aspects. One aspect being that great leaders are born with traits that make a good leader and they cannot be taught or developed over time with experience. Sociologist Herbert Spencer suggested that the leaders were products of the society in which they lived. In The Study of Sociology, Spencer wrote, “you must admit that the genesis of a great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown….Before he can remake his society, his society must make him.”

There is evidence to support for and against the great man theory. The suggestion that some people are natural leaders and therefore must have been born with some of the traits that make a good leader. However, individuals can learn and develop traits that will make them a good leader. Being self-aware and educati

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