SICKLE CELL DISEASE

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3) Write a 2-3-page paper
4) Include the following sections about the selected disease process
a. Introduction of disease –
• One paragraph (approximately 200 words)
• Includes disease description
• Includes epidemiology of disease
b. Etiology and risk factors –
• Common causes of the disease or condition
• Risk factors for the disease or condition
• Impact of age
• Prevalence based on gender,
• Influence of environment
• Genetic basis of disease
• Lifestyle influences
• All information supported by current literature
c. Pathophysiological processes –
• Describes changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and/or organ level that contribute to the disease process.
• Describes adaptation of the cells and body in response to the disease.
• Relates disease processes to manifested signs and symptoms.
d. Clinical manifestations and complications –
• Describes the physical signs and symptoms that are important in considering the presence of the disease.
• Identifies signs that contribute to diagnosis of the condition
• Identifies symptoms that contribute to diagnosis of the condition.
• Identifies complications of the disease.
• Discusses the implications to the patient when complications are left untreated.
e. Diagnostics
• Includes list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of the disease.

• Discusses the significance of test findings in relation to the disease process.
f. Interview
• Once the student has become familiar with the disorder, it is their responsibility to locate an individual living with the disease process to interview (interviewee). It is recommended that you find an individual first, then complete research and writing on the topic prior to performing the interview.
 The interviewee must be at least 18 years old and able to answer questions by themselves
 The interviewee must currently have the chronic disease/disorder. If an interviewee has been diagnosed with a disease/disorder but has NO manifestations or complications related to the disorder they DO NOT qualify for the assignment.
 Acute infections/diseases DO NOT qualify (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, flu, colds).
 The interviewee cannot be a patient from the clinical setting or a patient from your work environment (hospitals, doctor’s office, LTC facility, home health, etc.)
 The interviewee may be a relative, friend, colleague, or stranger.
 Please use the individual’s own words in relation to their experience with the disease/disorder.
• NOTE: This assignment is for educational purposes only. Students are NOT to provide any medical/nursing advice or education to interviewees. Refer interviewee questions to their physician.
• Interview Questions
 What is the age of the individual being interviewed? What is the relationship of the individual to you? How long have they had the disorder?
 What clinical manifestations of the disorder does the individual experience? How does it compare to what you discovered in your resources?
 What complications of the disorder does the individual experience? How does this compare to what you discovered in your resources?
 What other medical conditions/disorders has the individual been diagnosed with? Do their other medical conditions have any effect on the chosen disorder?
 How does the disease affect the individual’s daily living/activities? (repeat hospitalizations, has to take a lot of meds, any activity restrictions, a lot of appointments?)
 How does the disease/disorder affect the individual’s outlook on life? (Feel like a burden to family, do they have good family support, feel hopeless, optimistic, good coping mechanisms?)
 What did you learn from interviewing the individual?
g. APA Style and Organization
• References are submitted with assignment.
• Uses current APA format and is free of errors.
• Grammar and mechanics are free of errors.
• Paper is 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages.
• At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided.

Sample Solution

Introduction to Disease Process

A disease process is a series of events that lead to the development of a disease. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, infections, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices. Disease processes can be acute or chronic. Acute diseases typically develop quickly and resolve within a short period of time, such as a common cold. Chronic diseases develop slowly over time and can persist for many years, such as diabetes or heart disease.

There are many different types of disease processes, but they all share some common features. First, they all involve some type of damage to cells or tissues. This damage can be caused by a variety of factors, such as infection, inflammation, or cancer. Second, disease processes often disrupt the normal function of cells and tissues. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Third, disease processes can often trigger an immune response in the body. The immune system is the body’s defense system against infection and disease. However, in some cases, the immune response can itself cause damage to cells and tissues. This can lead to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

Disease Process for Selected Disease: Cancer

Cancer is a disease process that occurs when cells grow and divide uncontrollably. This can lead to the formation of tumors, which can invade and damage nearby tissues. Cancer can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

There are many different types of cancer, each of which arises from a different type of cell. The most common types of cancer include lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer.

There are many different factors that can contribute to the development of cancer, including genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices. Some of the most common risk factors for cancer include:

  • Age: Cancer is more common in older adults.
  • Smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and is responsible for about 30% of all cancer deaths.
  • Obesity: Obesity increases the risk of developing many different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer.
  • Alcohol use: Excessive alcohol use increases the risk of developing several types of cancer, including liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and breast cancer.
  • Exposure to certain chemicals: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as asbestos and benzene, can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer.
  • Family history: People with a family history of cancer are at increased risk of developing cancer themselves.

Etiology and Risk Factors for Cancer

The exact cause of cancer is not always known, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations can be inherited from parents or can occur spontaneously. Environmental factors that can contribute to cancer include exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet radiation, as well as certain infections, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV).

The risk factors for cancer vary depending on the type of cancer. However, some common risk factors for cancer include:

  • Age: Cancer is more common in older adults.
  • Gender: Some types of cancer are more common in men, while others are more common in women.
  • Family history: People with a family history of cancer are at increased risk of developing cancer themselves.
  • Lifestyle choices: Smoking, excessive alcohol use, and obesity are all risk factors for cancer.
  • Environmental exposures: Exposure to certain carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke and ultraviolet radiation, can increase the risk of cancer.
  • Certain infections: Some infections, such as HPV and hepatitis B, can increase the risk of developing cancer.

Impact of Age on Cancer Risk

The risk of developing cancer increases with age. This is because cells are more likely to accumulate genetic mutations over time. Additionally, the immune system weakens with age, making it less effective at fighting off cancer cells.

Prevalence of Cancer Based on Gender

The prevalence of cancer varies by gender. Some types of cancer are more common in men, while others are more common in women. For example, lung cancer and prostate cancer are more common in men, while breast cancer and cervical cancer are more common in women.

Influence of Environment on Cancer Risk

Exposure to certain environmental carcinogens can increase the risk of developing cancer. Some common environmental carcinogens include:

  • Tobacco smoke
  • Ultraviolet radiation
  • Asbestos
  • Benzene
  • Arsenic
  • Radon
  • Certain viruses and bacteria

Conclusion

Cancer is a complex disease process with many different causes and risk factors. However, there are a number of things that people can do to reduce their risk of developing cancer, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding exposure to carcinogens.

 

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