Childhood is an important period of social development, particularly in the formation of social identity, or a person`s sense of who they are based upon group affiliations. Social identity allows people to be part of groups and gain a sense of belonging in their social world. These identities play an important role in shaping self-image. The more people identify with a particular group, the more that group plays a role in shaping how people feel about themselves. Family interactions can build up or break down an individual`s self-confidence. A united, communicative family, for example, can help children gain self-confidence. Children who are allowed and encouraged to pursue their own choices typically gain a greater sense of confidence and individuality.
ocabulary learning is a very important task of second language learners- maybe the most important one. As McLaughlin points out, vocabulary development is the “prime task of adult L2 learners” (1978:324). This is why adults carry dictionaries, not grammars, when they travel in foreign countries (Hatch 1978, cited by McLaughlin 1978). One can keep the communication going provided one knows the content words needed.
The existence of “foreigner talk” and “baby talk”, in which a lot of grammar features (not the content words) are simplified (Ferguson 1971), shows the importance of vocabulary from a different angle. Scientific investigation of learning the foreign language vocabulary, the building blocks of communication, has been largely neglected in the favor of research in other areas of language acquisition in the first three decades of the second half of the century. Holley (1973) observes the role of vocabulary learning in foreign language education, which is held to be secondary. That is because of the first language acquisition research findings, which have misled the teachers. In fact, in first language acquisition, children start acquiring with a small range of vocabulary until structural patterns are mastered; so by relying on these findings, the role of vocabulary is pushed into the background (Carter & McCarthy 1988).
According to Eeds and Cockrum (1985) while there exists a wide variety of ways to deal with vocabulary, the use of dictionary as the conventional method of instruction, in both first and second language learning, has been triggered. Marckwardt (1973), for example, comments: Dictionaries often supply information about the language not found elsewhere. Dictionaries often supply information about grammar, usage, status, synonym discrimination, application of derivative affixes, and distinctions between spoken and written English not generally treated in textbooks, even in a rudimentary fashion (cited in Bensoussan, Sim & Weiss, 1984: 263). Laufer (1990), similarly, believes that when word looks familiar but the sentence in which it is found or its wider context makes no sense at all, the learner should be encouraged to consult a dictionary (p.154)
