Produce a Point Paper for the EUCOM Commander to use in congressional testimony.
As a member of a national Joint Planning Group (JPG) of the U.S. European Command (EUCOM J5), your JPG has completed an update of the Strategic Estimate* for the Baltic Region to get the Commander up to speed on the situation in the region regarding Kaliningrad and provide the basis for a commander’s estimate, and if necessary, development of plans. Following the successful briefing of the Strategic Estimate (where it was approved), the Combatant Commander learned that he would have to travel to Washington to join the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at congressional hearings on the situation in the Baltic region regarding Kaliningrad. You have been tasked to prepare a Point Paper for the Combatant Commander to use in testimony before congressional committees and in meetings in Washington regarding Kaliningrad. The intent is to provide analysis of the Strategic Estimate regarding Kaliningrad.
we are working against the prospect of a circular economy. Over 90% of all seabirds have plastic pieces in their stomachs. (Anderson, 2017) This devastating number highlights the fact plastic takes centuries to break down and yet it never fully disappears. Plastic bags masking the corals can be mistaken for food by turtles. (Sky, 2017) Humans are also at more threat that we may know as microplastics can easily transfer from the ocean to our stomach and into our bloodstream. Approximately 2.5 billion people rely on seafood for essential protein yet fatal chemicals are leaking onto our plates. (Smith- Llera, 2018, pp 38-39) For example, Ecotoxicology’s Professor Colin Janssen states that: “We have estimated that a Belgian would eat anything between 2,000 – 11, 000 microplastics per year.” Mussel season in mid-July can be notorious for tiny microplastics which are often unseen by the naked eye. It is still unknown the harmful effects this could impose on the human body however the outcome needs further investigation. (Sky, 2017)
Humes (2013) makes the statement that it is very simple to eat our meal, take out the bins and have our rubbish magically disappear without a further thought for where it goes or who it affects. Marcus Eriksen studies the distribution of waste and the problem fishers can create with nylon nets. He discovered that ‘ghost nets’ can trap around 1,000 marine animals a day. Two years ago, in 2016, thirteen sperm whales were found washed up on Germany’s coastline. Researchers found that the whales had digested an abnormal amount of plastic, including fishing lines. This harsh reality means the whales ‘starved with full stomachs’ said conservationist Nicola Hodgins. (Smith-Llera, 2018, pp 28-29) Many deep parts of our ocean remain unseen by human activity yet studies by marine biologist, Kerry Howell, have shown that plastic waste has unfortunately overtaken us and now even the most remote areas of the ocean contains plastic lit