Through neuroimaging techniques, the most prominent method in picturing personality neuroscience is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) (Allen & DeYoung). An MRI “creates images of the brain based on the magnetic properties of different tissue types while measuring brain function and structure” (Allen & DeYoung). An fMRI relies on the “blood oxygen dependence level that indicates when different regions of the brain are more or less active” as well as showing functional connectivity through temporal pattern of activation and deactivation in different areas of the brain (Allen & DeYoung). Similar to the fMRI, electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activity at a higher temporal resolution while recording electrical activity along the scalp (Allen & DeYoung). Next, the SBM analyzes cortical indicators of the brain through thickness, surface area, volume, mean curvature and sulcus depth that of which measures different properties of brain cortical surface morphology (Li et al.). Later on, the usage of SBM will show correlations of indicators of psychophysiological and neuropsychological relationships.

Brain Scans and the Relationship between the Big 5 and Psychopathology:

The basis of antisocial and psychopathic behavior is complex and is connected to brain structures that involves the regulation of impulsivity, emotional arousal, affect, and aggressive feelings which can be categorized under the Big 5 factors of neuroticism and openness.

“An increasing body of knowledge from brain imaging research is implicating brain abnormalities in the etiology of psychopathic and antisocial behavior, including abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, angular gyrus, cingulate, basal ganglia, and amygdala” (Raine et al.).

Using an assessment of magnetic resonance imaging and measuring functional abnormalities of the corpus callosum through electroencephalography will present characteristics that antisocial and violent offenders may have, due to the white matter callosal radiations and interhemispheric asymmetries that are commonly found in psychopathic and antisocial groups (Raine et al.).

The corpus callosum orchestrates the regulation of attention, arousal and emotion but also for psychopathologic status (Raine et al.). The relationship between callosal measures and the dimensional measure of psychopathy show that having an “increase callosal volume was significantly associated with blunted affect, lack of remorse, no close friends, lack of social closeness, and reduced spatial ability” (Raine et al.). When looking at the structural abnormality in psychopathic antisocial individuals and understanding the relationship between the Big 5 and their risk factors for such behavior show that there is an account for a link between psychopathy and callosal structure and function (Raine et al.).

Brain Scans and their Relationship to Criminal Behavior:

Assessing the neuropsychological measures through the use of fMRI dem