System Modelling and Simulation

 

Every year the assignment for Systems Modelling and Simulation module has a different theme.
For example, in the previous years the assignments had healthcare, banking services,
manufacturing, and logistics themes. This year our assignment is about airport operations
management. All this variation allows you to appreciate how this fundamental subject can be
applied to different problems which fundamentally have similar performance indicators. Enjoy this
year’s assignment!
Aircrafts arrive at an airport according to an exponential distribution λ =40 minutes
of time between arrivals.
Upon arrival, the planes would wait in the air for a signal from the control tower before they are
able to land. The airport has two runways, one for landing and the other for taking off.
Upon allocation of the runway, the aircraft lands, the process of landing and clearing the runway
follows a Triangular distribution of TRIA (1, 3, 5) minutes.
The taxi time between the runways and the terminal gates follows an Exponential
distribution of λ = 10minutes. The passengers and luggage unloading delay time from the aircraft,
follows an Exponential distribution of λ = 15minutes.
From the total number of all arriving flights at the airport, 20% go to Terminals 1, Terminal 2 takes
30%, and Terminals 3 and 4 each take 25%. Each terminal has a capacity of 5 gates.
Aircraft departures also follow the Exponential distribution of λ =35 minutes. The ratio of aircraft
departure from each terminal is the same as arrivals (i.e., T1: 20%, T2: 30%, T3: 25%, and T4: 25%).
The loading time for all departing aircrafts at each terminal follows an Exponential
distribution with λ = 35 minutes.
The runway maintenance team has to check for external objects on the runways they
therefore, conduct routine manual inspections on each Runway. Due to safety guidelines both
runways are closed during the detection. The inspection and cleaning
process takes place every 5.5 hours and follows a Normal distribution with mean of (μ=15) and
standard deviation of σ =3. The Meantime between failures follows the wait rule.
In this example ignore passenger check-ins etc.
1. Develop a simulation model with appropriate animations of the airport operation system
focusing on the use of the runways. Simulate the airport operation for 48hr cycle times
(simulation time) and replicate for 5 times without initiating system.
2. On average, what percentage of the time are the runways in the idle or busy state?
3. Discuss the Utilisation of each Runway and Terminals on daily basis during the simulation
run.
4. Display the WIP for arriving planes, departing planes and the total WIP on one plot over a
simulated time of 48hrs (for each simulation run). Do not initialize the statistics between
your simulation runs.
5. Assuming the Level of Sound Exposure from each aircraft is given by a triangular
distribution with values 50, 60 and 100 decibels, display on a plot, over a simulated time of
60hrs, the total number of aircrafts in process that have a sound level above a specified
threshold of 80 decibels. [Hint: You need to look at the WIP, also assign sound levels to
airplanes when they are created]
6. Assuming some of the departure aircrafts (1 percent) require emergency landing due to
technical problem so they have priority in the queue. Please add this to your model and
design and record the total number of aircrafts in process that have an emergency landing.
7. Write a report that explains your modelling approach and process, explaining how key
concepts such as waiting for signal from the control tower were modelled.
8. Discuss the results of your simulation with regard to key performance factors: runway and
terminal utilisation, WIP, noise pollution, waiting times and queues both in the air and on
the ground to access terminals.
9. Offer suggestions of how to improve the performance of this report with respect to the key
performance indicators: runway and terminal utilisation, WIP, noise pollution, waiting
times and queues both in the air and on the ground to access terminals.
Your suggestions should be simulated, and results compared to the original model.
10. The airport management wishes to double the number of aircraft that arrive and depart
from the airport. Offer suggestions on how this could be possible with respect to
maintaining or minimising the emission levels. Discuss your various suggestions by creating
simulation models and comparing the results with one another.
Use Run conditions defined as: Warm-up Period = 12 hours, Replication Length = 72 hours,
and Number of Replication = 5. The system requires initialisation between replications, but
statistics should not be initialised.

 

 

Sample Solution

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