Tenets of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

One of the tenets of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is that a computer can be so designed that it can simulate human intelligence — and, if it can simulate it well enough, such a computer might as well be called “a thinking machine.” For example, if we set up a Turing Test where we couldn’t tell whether a human or a computer was responding, many AI theorists would claim that it is reasonable to deem the computer (in conjunction with the program it is running) “intelligent,” since there is no discernible difference between its output and the human’s response.

A very prominent American philosopher, John Searle, proposed an ingenious thought experiment to show that computers can never be said to be “intelligent” or to have understanding. Your assignment is to (1) watch the video below, (2) read the two short encyclopedia articles, and then (3) comment on Searle’s argument. Has he proven that artificial “intelligence” is a misnomer? Does this mean that human “understanding” proves that we have something special (a “mind”) that machines can never possess? Or is it possible that artificial “intelligence” might evolve or spontaneously emerge as computer algorithms become more sophisticated?

Sample Solution

sages give way to several seconds of Tautou, absolutely still, staring directly into the camera, an object of our lingering gaze.”As with every other aspect of the film, Tautou’s face does not escape Jeunet’s aesthetic edits, serving the superficial narrative as much as-if not more than-the fantastical Paris. As a shot, close-ups, in the terms of Eisenstein, are both individuals and collectives. In presenting Amelie through close-ups, she is presented as an icon, both an “imagined friend and an inaccessible ideal”. The combination of proximity and distance that enables the success of a media icon is an ideal employed by Jeunet. Like a media icon, Amélie provides the audience with traces of reality: opportunities for autonomy, references to past-cinema, while simultaneously isolating the world of the movie through the heavily stylised aesthetics and edited visuals.

The close-up presents a dualistic paradox for the viewer. There is an intimacy in the proximity of the shot which, as severed from the ‘bigger picture’, necessitates the abstraction of information; the close-up, in its narrow perspective, refers viewers beyond the immediate. The multitude of close-ups of Tautou’s face, presents Tautou iconically, as they create a pause in the film, providing the audience with multiple instances to reflect on the image in and of itself. The power of the close-up comes from the referential value attributed to it. The close-ups of Tautou therefore give the audience an opportunity for their own autonomous imaginative response to the film by pausing the action visually and temporally. As such, the close-up is a strategy that exemplifies greater themes of the film: the spectator and the significance of the image. In presenting Tautou’s face so iconicly throughout the movie, Jeunet is provoking the relationship between film and spectatorship and subverts Hollywood’s mindlessness through creating providing a platform in which the act of autonomous thought is curated.

As an international director, trained in advertisement, and having completed a big-budget Hollywood film, Jeunet uses his understanding of the power of the image to empower his audienc

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