ompetitive forcers including threat of entry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and the extend of rivalry between competitors. Furthermore, it can help organizations to build sustainable competive advantage in the milk industry.

The threat of entry

This determines how easy it is for new companies to enter a particular industry. When the barriers of entry into an industry is high, there are lesser businesses entering the market due to strong competition and vice versa (My Accounting Course, 2019). In this industry, it is hard to enter because the threat of entry is low, hence causing the barrier to entry is high. The following factors are some reason that justify the low threat of entry.

The economies of scale is hard to achieve therefore, causing the production to be more expensive for new companies. Production differentiation is strong as in this industry all company sells differentiated products. Customers also look for differentiated products. Therefore, the threat of entry is low. Capital requirements are high in this industry and its hard for new companies to set up businesses with the same expenditures incurred by existing companies. Government policies also ensure that many regulations need to be followed before companies can start selling their product in the market. This enforcement makes it hard for new companies to enter. Therefore, the threat of entry is low. However, access to distribution channels is high threat of entry as it is easier to ensure that the product is out in the market by franchising. To tackle this problem, A2 milk can take focus on creating more differentiated products from the new entrant. This can help build a strong brand identification.

Then threat of substitutes