The concepts of logistic system operations using logistic systems

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The global marketplace has witnessed an increased pressure from customers and competitors in manufacturing as well as service sector (Basu, 2001; George, 2002). Due to the rapidly changing global marketplace only those companies will be able to survive that will deliver products of good quality at cheaper rate and to achieve their goal companies try to improve performance by focusingon cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers (Raouf, 1994).

Increased global competition leads the industry to increasing efficiency by means of economies of scale and internal specialization to meet market conditions in terms of flexibility, delivery performance and quality (Yamashina, 1995). The changes in the present competitive business environment characterized by profound competition on the supply side and keen indecisive in customer requirements on the demand side. These changes have left their distinctive marks on the different aspect of the manufacturing organizations (Gomes et al., 2006). With this increasing global economy, cost effective manufacturing has become a requirement to remain competitive.

To meet all the challenges organizations try to introduce different manufacturing and supply techniques. Management of organizations devotes its efforts to reduce the manufacturing costs and to improve the quality of product. To achieve this goal, different manufacturing and supply techniques employed. The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed the adoption of excellent, lean and integrated manufacturing strategies that have drastically changed the way manufacturing firm’s leads to improvement of manufacturing performance (Fullerton and McWatters, 2002).

Consult chapter 7 of your textbook or secondary available data through internet and answer the following questions.

Question:

1. Why Companies adopted Lean Thinking and JIT model? (1.5 Mark)

2. Discuss major types of Waste, companies has to keep in mind during production. (1.5 Mark)

3. Due to pandemic COVID 19 emergency, do you think agile supply chain is the right concept in this kind of situation? Give reason with example. (1.5 Mark)

Sample Solution

The concepts of logistic system operations using logistic systems

Lean thinking is about more than a process. Companies adopt lean thinking because it is a business philosophy that can be applied to every aspect of an organization and drive better results. Most companies can use lean concepts to increase productivity, reduce waste, and improve their bottom line. Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory is a stratagem that manufacturers utilize to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they are needed in the manufacturing process, thereby reducing the cost of inventory. Companies adopt JIT model because switching to JIT would reduce transportation and warehousing costs, making the product more affordable. The JIT process add value by increasing efficiency.

Social factors associated with obesity include neglect, abuse, and generally non-supportive home environments. Neglected children are nine times more likely to become obese than other children (8). Food provides comfort and therefore that eating serves as a compensatory mechanism for children who have survived traumatic experiences or who live in difficult environments.

3. Genetics:
The current epidemic of obesity clearly reflects the environmental and behavior changes during the past half century, but the genetic background remains important, especially in the severe forms of obesity. In the most recent published update, there were more than 430 genes, markers, and chromosomal regions associated or linked with human obesity phenotypes (9). The human obesity gene map reveals that loci affecting obesity related phenotypes are found on all human chromosomes except chromosome Y.
The potential implication of genetic factors in the development of obesity is well demonstrated by the description of monogenic forms of human obesity. The genes implicated in these forms of obesity are summarized in Table 2. MC4R mutations are the most frequent cause of monogenic human obesity, occurring in up to 4% of early-onset and severe childhood obesity (10,11).
Homozygous mutations of the leptin-melanocortin genes are often associated with other features, e.g. hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in leptin deficiency and red hair and hypocortisolism in POMC deficiency.
Genetic Syndromes associated with obesity include Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, Alstrom, Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann, Cohen, Beckwith-Wiedemann, Carpenter Syndrome.

TABLE 2
Genetic Obesity Syndromes Developmental delay Inheritance
Prader Willi syndrome + AD
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy + AD

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