The deficiency model in research introductions effectively highlights a gap in existing knowledge, thus justifying the need for the current study. While the core structure remains consistent, adapting it to different audiences requires tailoring the language, level of detail, and emphasis on specific components.

1. Introductions for Research Papers – UTEP

www.utep.edu

Understanding the Deficiency Model

Before delving into audience adaptation, let’s recap the core components of the deficiency model:

1. Establish the problem: Clearly define the research problem.
2. Review relevant literature: Summarize previous research related to the problem.
3. Identify gaps in the literature: Highlight the shortcomings of existing studies.
4. State the research question or hypothesis: Clearly articulate the study’s objective.
5. Justify the study’s significance: Explain why addressing the gap is important.

Tailoring the Deficiency Model for Different Audiences

1. Academic Audience:

• Emphasis on theoretical framework: Clearly articulate the theoretical underpinnings of the research.
• Detailed literature review: Provide an in-depth analysis of previous studies, including their methodologies and limitations.
• Sophisticated language: Use academic jargon and complex sentence structures appropriately.
• Focus on research contribution: Emphasize how the study advances knowledge in the field.

2. Practitioner Audience:

• Clear and concise problem statement: Directly address the practical implications of the problem.
• Focus on practical applications: Highlight how the research findings can be applied in real-world settings.
• Avoid excessive jargon: Use plain language and avoid technical terms.
• Emphasize the study’s impact: Explain how the research will benefit practitioners and policymakers.

3. General Public Audience:

• Engaging introduction: Begin with a compelling story or anecdote to capture attention.
• Simple language: Avoid complex terminology and use clear, everyday language.
• Focus on relevance: Explain how the research affects the reader’s life or community.
• Visual aids: Consider using graphs, charts, or images to illustrate key points.

4. Grantmakers or Funding Agencies:

• Highlight the problem’s significance: Clearly articulate the societal or economic impact of the problem.
• Quantify the problem: Use data and statistics to demonstrate the scale of the issue.
• Emphasize potential impact: Clearly outline the expected outcomes and benefits of the research.
• Align with funding priorities: Demonstrate how the research aligns with the funder’s goals.

Key Considerations:

• Audience knowledge: Understand the audience’s prior knowledge of the topic.
• Purpose of the document: Consider the document’s overall goal (e.g., research proposal, journal article, policy brief).
• Length and format: Adhere to the specific guidelines for the target audience.
• Visual aids: Use visuals effectively to enhance understanding.

By carefully considering these factors, researchers can effectively tailor their research introductions to different audiences, increasing the likelihood of engagement and impact.