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emonstrated a commitment to substantive representation not only for African Americans but also for Hispanics. According to Grose, descriptive representation for African Americans “is defined as the election of black legislators to office” (3). While the majority of the constituents in her district are Hispanic, the second largest group in her district are African Americans. Maxine Waters has provided both descriptive and substantive representation for the people of color in her district. Throughout her years as a Congresswoman, she has been committed to the interests of her African American constituents as well as her district’s Hispanic community.

Furthermore, Waters has championed leadership in liberal political values, such as supporting Planned Parenthood, the ACLU, and human rights and according to GovTrack, the majority of the bills that Waters sponsors relate to Health (22%), Finance and the Financial Sector (17%), Crime and Law Enforcement (16%), and Education (10%). Poverty and housing concerns are particularly pressing issues in Waters’ 43rd congressional district. As stated on the webpage “California’s 43rd District” by the organization TalkPoverty, which is a project of Center for American Progress, in 2013, 21.4% of the population had incomes below the poverty line, which included 32.6% of children who came from families with incomes below the poverty line, meaning that a third of the district’s children live in poverty. Analyzed along racial lines, 24.7% of the district’s African Americans and 26.4% of the Latino population live in poverty. Waters has effectively worked for legislation to try to meet the needs of her constituents. According to InsideGov, Waters sponsored the Ending Homeless Act of 2017 involving housing and community development to end homelessness by addressing the lack of affordable housing and sponsored the Project-Based Voucher Improvement Act of 2015, which was enacted to improve the Housing Act of 1937, specifically in relation to using rental voucher assistance. Her record is extensive when it comes to addressing the issues that affect her primarily African American and Hispanic constituency, consistent with Grose’s conclu