The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), lists the diagnostic criteria and symptomology for mental disorders. Many of the symptoms that are listed could be experienced by most people, so it is important to understand what differentiates a symptom from being a common occurrence versus a symptom of a psychological disorder. Choose a disorder presented this week and outline a few of the diagnostic symptoms and criteria associated with that disorder. What makes these feelings or behaviors a symptom of a psychological disorder instead of a commonly experienced feeling or behavior?
Psychological disorders were previously thought to be untreatable. Society chose to confine individuals who presented with abnormal behaviors to asylums, where they would not interfere with other members of society. This changed in the 1800s when a new movement sparked the release of these individuals from asylums and treatment methods began to be investigated. Chapter 11 mentions a few approaches to treatment of psychological disorders. Which therapy stands out most to you? Why? What are some of the main treatment strategies/interventions that go along with this therapy?

 

Sample Solution

Disorder: Major Depressive Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria:

  • Persistent depressed mood or loss of interest in activities for at least two weeks
  • Significant weight loss or gain, or change in appetite
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • Fatigue or loss of energy
  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

 

Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

  • Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

 

What differentiates these symptoms from common occurrences?

While many people may experience some of these symptoms at times, the severity and persistence of these symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder distinguish them from common feelings or behaviors. The symptoms significantly impair the individual’s ability to function and cause distress in their daily life. Additionally, the presence of suicidal thoughts or behaviors is a serious concern and requires immediate attention.

Treatment Strategies:

  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a widely used approach that focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and developing coping skills.
  • Medication: Antidepressants can be effective in treating the symptoms of major depressive disorder.
  • Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): IPT focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and addressing social and environmental factors that may contribute to depression.
  • Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): MBCT combines mindfulness meditation with cognitive-behavioral techniques to help individuals manage stress and prevent relapse.

Conclusion

While some symptoms of major depressive disorder may be experienced by most people at times, the severity, persistence, and impact on daily functioning distinguish them from common occurrences. Effective treatment for major depressive disorder often involves a combination of therapy and medication, tailored to the individual’s needs.

 

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