The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic Criteria:
- Persistent depressed mood or loss of interest in activities for at least two weeks
- Significant weight loss or gain, or change in appetite
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
While many people may experience some of these symptoms at times, the severity and persistence of these symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder distinguish them from common feelings or behaviors. The symptoms significantly impair the individual's ability to function and cause distress in their daily life. Additionally, the presence of suicidal thoughts or behaviors is a serious concern and requires immediate attention.
Treatment Strategies:
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a widely used approach that focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and developing coping skills.
- Medication: Antidepressants can be effective in treating the symptoms of major depressive disorder.
- Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): IPT focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and addressing social and environmental factors that may contribute to depression.
- Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): MBCT combines mindfulness meditation with cognitive-behavioral techniques to help individuals manage stress and prevent relapse.
Conclusion
While some symptoms of major depressive disorder may be experienced by most people at times, the severity, persistence, and impact on daily functioning distinguish them from common occurrences. Effective treatment for major depressive disorder often involves a combination of therapy and medication, tailored to the individual's needs.