The difference in speed of travel between the fall and spring migrations

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Data on the travel routes of migrating birds today largely come from extremely lightweight radios, geolocators, and satellite tags, which can be safely attached to individual birds.The use of geolocator backpacks has revealed that migrant wood thrushes and purple martins take much longer to travel from Pennsylvania to the Amazon basin in the fall than they do when going in the opposite direction in the spring (Stutchbury et al. 2009). For example, one martin completed its spring migration in about 2 weeks, which required an average trip of 600 kilometers each day. Why the difference in speed of travel between the fall and spring migrations?

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Therefore, this study will focus on the waste management behaviour of households in case of the Netherlands. As a theoretical framework, the paper will use the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) which is commonly used in environmental behavioural research. The TPB is an expectancy-value model claiming that the intention of individuals to perform a certain behaviour can be predicted from their attitude, subjective norms and the perceived behavioural control towards a certain subject (Ajzen, 1991).

The contribution of this paper will add knowledge about the impact of societal commitment on the individual motivation to act in a pro-environmental way and ultimately on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of individuals. The study thereby aims at deepening our understanding of the roles of private households and their impact on in the transition towards a more sustainable society (Grønhøj & Thøgersen,2017).

Following this short introduction and theoretical framework, a definition of the independent and dependent variable as well as of the theory will be given in the next section. The third section of the paper will provide the methodological approach including an explanation of the questionnaire content. The last section will provide strengths and limitations of the study as well as ethical aspects.

Independent Variable (The Netherlands)

The Netherlands puts an admirable amount of effort and resources into environmental preservation. “With a current recycling rate of 51% the Netherlands has one of the leading positions in the recycling of household waste in Europe” (Goorhuis et al., 2012, p. 1). Through combined effort

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