The efficacy of the anti-leishmanial drug

What is the efficacy of the anti-leishmanial drug Ambisome and Pantamidine in humans with leishmaniasis co-infected with HIV?

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The efficacy of the anti-leishmanial drug

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Most forms of leishmaniasis are zoonotic, but two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. tropica) can maintain arthroponotic, human-human cycle (Magill AJ, 1995). The emerging of HIV/visceral leishmaniasis (VL) coinfection is locked in a vicious circle of mutual reinforcement. Liposomal amphotericin B (ambisome) has been used with increasing frequency to treat VL. It is the treatment of choice for immunocompetent patients and the preferred drug for HIV/VL co-infection. Pentamidine isethionate is associated with a similar cure rate of the first-line anti-leishmanial drugs. Severe and irreversible adverse effect are rare. In difficult cases, the drug can also be considered as a component of a combination treatment regimen.

owns the device, many insurance companies have provided coverage of the therapy by using a case-by-case system, determined by the medical necessity of treatment. The Musella Foundation for Brain Tumor Research and Information created an assistance program from patients needing TTF therapy for recurrent GBM. Also, certain patients who live in the United States and meet specific income conditions can receive up to $5,000 per year for the treatment (ECRI Institute 2016). According to the New York Times, Novocure offers the treatment for free for patients without health coverage (Grady 2014). Prognosis When patients used Optune (TTF therapy) for 12 hours or more a day and also took TMZ during the same period, 86% of patients increased their survival rate compared to just taking TMZ alone. The more compliant patients were with using the device, the better their outcome was. In order to get the best results and maximal survival benefit, patients should aim to use the device for at least 18 hours a day. For patients who had compliance over 90%, their median survival was 24.9 months and their 5-year survival rate was 29.3% (Ram 2017). When dealing with glioblastoma (GBM), the median overall survival rate is around 15 months and the rate of 5-year survival is estimated to be 5% (Tykocki 2018). Conclusion In conclusion, hyperthermia therapy and tumor treating field therapy come from very different scientific concepts, but both aim to kill cancer cells and save cancer patient’s lives. Hyperthermia treatment was created after witnessing patients with high fevers achieve remission and tumor treating field therapy was created after someone thought of the idea. Although hyperthermia therapy has been since the ancient times, not much has changed with the process since the early 1900’s and it is still used in the same fashion today, if used at all. Even though in addition with radiation, hyperthermia therapy shows therapeutic results, very few cancer treatment centers boast about their use of this specific therapy. It is covered by Medicare and some insurance companies though, so we can assume it is still used today. On the other hand, Tumor Treating Fields have only recently been discovered and on the market for doctors to prescribe and for patients to use. Since discovering the success of the treatment, many clinical and preclinical trials are in the works and they will hopefully achieve promising results. Already, the amount of time it has added for patients with GBM is lifechanging. This technology is one of the first to change the life expectancy for GBM in a very long time. Also, it has very little reported side effects for everything that it can do. There are many benefits to this treatment and very few, if any drawbacks, exce

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