The first ten Amendments

1) Choose one of the first ten Amendments you want, and (2) describe what was the intention of the Framers behind it. (3) How it was incorporated and (4) implemented over time? (5) How and why does it matter today? (6) How it could be changed?

Sample Solution

The first ten Amendments

The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees that “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.” The amendment arose from the Founders“ concern that the newly constituted federal government would try to expand its powers and undermine rights that were guaranteed to Americans by the common law and their state constitutions. Based on experience, they knew that equipping government officers with unfettered discretion to search and seize would be a formidable means of oppressing “the people.” Prior to the American Revolution, British subjects in the colonies and in England had lived with threats posed by “general warrants.”

m is framed, and how much support it receives, is often dependent on how the media reports it. If a social problem is framed as a fault of an individual it has a significantly reduced chance of being resolved, than those that are framed as the fault of society not looking after their peers. In the past the issue of poverty was generally targeted as a fault of the individual, with the idea that people were taking advantage of the benefits scheme that the government was offering and that being ‘poor’ is the fault of the individual. Although this stigma can still be seen, it is not as common as it used to be; especially with research being made in the last decade that has shown that ‘for 2011-12 it is estimated that 0.8%, or £1.2bn, of total benefit expenditure was overpaid as a result of fraud. This is far lower than the figures widely believed by the public, as revealed repeatedly in opinion polls’ (Reporter, 2013). This evidence not only disproved the common thought that a large number of the public on benefits do not actually need them, but also proved that the majority of those who are on benefits depend on them. Additional evidence has also shown that the cause of poverty is down to a number of factors including; ‘low wages, insecure jobs and unemployment, lack of skills, ineffective benefit system, high costs including housing, and family problems’ (Foundation, 2016), instead of the conservative idea that it is purely down to the individual being lazy. This common view, of course, is not helped by the way in which the media publishes these sorts of issues. In 2008, The Mail Online published an article in which they wrote ‘David Cameron has unveiled a tough new stance by declaring people who are fat, poor or addicted to drugs could only have themselves to blame’ (Boden, 2008), and then proceeded to follow the line of thought throughout the article. The way that the media frames an issue ultimately affects how much support an issue will gain. This means that that if the media frames the social problem as at the fault of the individual then the issue is unlikely to gain a base for campaigning for human needs to be met as it is not deemed a collective issue. This then, in turn has significant influence over the making of social policy as it controls the way in which the public views the issue and therefore, in some cases, the success of a social policy being made.

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