Sample Solution
The Gilded Age was a period in American history from the late 19th century to the early 20th century that saw rapid industrialization, economic growth, and social changes. The significant factors that led to this time period are largely attributed to advances in technology, population growth, and immigration.
Technology played an important role in fostering innovation during the Gilded Age. Advances such as the development of new types of machinery allowed for increased production capabilities which in turn fueled economic expansion (McCullough 2014). Additionally, new communication technologies like telegraphs/ telephones enabled faster transactions between businesses across great distances thus allowing them more flexibility when it came to pricing products/ services while simultaneously allowing them access to larger markets.
Population growth was another major factor leading up to this era as it created an abundance of workers willing to be employed at low wages – this combined with technological advancements allowed factories unlimited resources for producing goods which ultimately caused prices on these items decrease resulting in increased demand due cheaper accessibility (McCullough 2014).
Finally, immigration also had a big impact on the Gilded Age; newcomers from Europe brought with them different skill sets as well as languages which added diversity into both labor forces and consumer markets thus furthering economic prosperity (McCullough 2014). Furthermore, many immigrants were fleeing oppressive political regimes giving them incentive to work harder than those who had not experienced such hardships.
First, it is never just to intentionally kill innocent people in wars, supported by Vittola’s first proposition. This is widely accepted as ‘all people have a right not to be killed’ and if a soldier does, they have violated that right and lost their right. This is further supported by “non-combatant immunity” (Frowe (2011), Page 151), which leads to the question of combatant qualification mentioned later in the essay. This is corroborated by the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, ending the Second World War, where millions were intently killed, just to secure the aim of war. However, sometimes civilians are accidentally killed through wars to achieve their goal of peace and security. This is supported by Vittola, who implies proportionality again to justify action: ‘care must be taken where evil doesn’t outweigh the possible benefits (Begby et al (2006b), Page 325).’ This is further supported by Frowe who explains it is lawful to unintentionally kill, whenever the combatant has full knowledge of his actions and seeks to complete his aim, but it would come at a cost. However, this does not hide the fact the unintended still killed innocent people, showing immorality in their actions. Thus, it depends again on proportionality as Thomson argues (Frowe (2011), Page 141).
This leads to question of what qualifies to be a combatant, and whether it is lawful to kill each other as combatants. Combatants are people who are involved directly or indirectly with the war and it is lawful to kill ‘to shelter the innocent from harm…punish evildoers (Begby et al (2006b), Page 290).However, as mentioned above civilian cannot be harmed, showing combatants as the only legitimate targets, another condition of jus in bello, as ‘we may not use the sword against those who have not harmed us (Begby et al (2006b), Page 314).’ In addition, Frowe suggested combatants must be identified as combatants, to avoid the presence of guerrilla warfare which can end up in a higher death count, for example, the Vietnam War. Moreover, he argued they must be part of the army, bear arms and apply to the rules of jus in bello. (Frowe (2011), Page 101-3). This suggests Frowe seeks a fair, just war between two participants avoiding non-combatant deaths, but wouldn’t this lead to higher death rate for combatants, as both sides have relatively equal chance to win since both use similar tactics? Nevertheless, arguably Frowe will argue that combatant can lawfully
