The health of a population rests on health policy, quality and safety

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The health of a population rests on health policy, quality and safety, chronic care management, and public health. Nash et al. (2021) argue that the interaction between these pillars in practice and education forms the basis for attaining population health strategies and goals. Public health initiatives such as Triple Aim and Healthy People have been incorporated with these pillars to enhance population health. The Triple Aim initiative is integrated to improve population health regarding patient experience, improve the overall health of populations, and reduce the costs of health care. The Triple Aim integration enables the healthcare leaders to adopt strategies to enhance their communities’ health beyond the clinics and hospitals that comprise the healthcare system. The Healthy People initiative integration with the four pillars guides national health promotion and prevention efforts. This initiative also increases public awareness and improves understanding of health determinants to improve the population health.
The Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) is among the health care delivery model. The HMO uses Primary Care Physicians to provide all preventive and primary care to a patient (Falkson & Srinivasan, 2020). Other than emergency service, any care not coordinated via the PCP is not covered by HMO. The population is affected by socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and employment, affecting individuals’ ability to make healthy choices. The cultural factors influence our perceptions of health, beliefs about causes of illnesses, approaches to health promotion, and preferred treatment. Legal, ethical, and environmental factors are essential to public health as they impact the wellbeing and health of diverse individuals. As a DNP-prepared nurse leader, the key factors that I would address in meeting population health needs are promoting a widespread culture change, health promotion and prevention, and accountability for outcomes. These factors are critical to achieving population health locally or nationally and overcoming disparities.

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f we reduce our philosophy and theory of mind to one excluding mental, we deduct the importance of experience in understanding a phenomenon. Jackson explains that “mental states are inefficacious in respect to the physical world” (Jackson). Qualia only impact other mental states rather than physical states. Jackson reiterates this by providing three reasons. The first being causality. Just because A follows B does not mean B can follow A. The B follows A hypothesis can be refuted by proving there is a common underlying causal process for each distinct effect. Second, Jackson uses evolution to prove his dualism. Polar bears have evolved to have a thick coat. This thickness makes the coat heavy. Thus, the polar bears experience what it is like to carry a heavy coat. This is clearly not conducive to survival. Therefore, from Darwin’s Theory we know that any evolved characteristics are either conducive to survival or a by-product of an evolutionary action that is conducive to survival. Jackson uses this support his argument against physicalism: “qualia are a by-product of certain brain processes that are conducive to survival” (Jackson). Third, Jackson emphasizes the relationships between how we know our minds through behavior. We only know about others’ minds through observing their behavior. So, we must ask: how can a person’s behavior accurately reflect that he has qualia unless they conclude that behavior is an outcome of qualia? This gives rise to the main weakness of Jackson’s view – there is no proper evidence for the refutation of epiphenomenal qualia. Another weakness of Jackson’s view is the lack of clarity of source. Where do these qualia come from? If not physical, then where? This brings into questions spirits and “upper powers,” such as God, the existence of which are heavily debated in the scientific community. Despite this, the validity of dualism (and the lack of proving dualism to be incorrect), is a strong argument and will continue to allow Jackson’s argument to be considered valid.

Because Jackson clearly refutes any existence of physicalism in his explanation of phenomenal q

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