The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is part of the United States Department of Labor. With the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for workers by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 authorizes the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to set standards for safety in the workplace and enforce them through a system of inspections, citations and fines. Examples of OSHA standards include requirements to provide fall protection, prevent trenching cave-ins, prevent infectious diseases, ensure that workers safely enter confined spaces, prevent exposure to harmful substances like asbestos, and provide respirators or other safety equipment.
values inspired by nature. Ratty and Mole’s journey sees them experience adventure, only to return to the simplicity of hearth and home.
Grahame dedicates a whole chapter to Pan, within The Wind in The Willows, ‘The Piper at the Gates of Dawn’ to Pan. Here, the animals encounter Pan the God. The chapter could be seen as an incongruous departure from the tone of the novel, (Several publications omit the chapter from the book.)
The language throughout this chapter differs from the affectionate camaraderie of the rest of the book, it is rich and brims with exaltation. Grahame closes the piece with ‘All this he saw, for one moment breathless and intense, vivid on the morning sky; and still, as he looked, he lived; and still, as he lived, he wondered’.
On first reading, Piper at the Gates of Dawn did not seem part of an arc or connected to the wider plot. Grahame at this time associated with Pantheism though later returned to Christianity. The chapter points the reader who may be the adult reading to a child, to reminders of the importance of connecting with the environment and the reunion with the lost ‘child’ in the form of the otter suggests the author directed his readers to connect with lost joys of childhood. Arguably, the chapter is the crux of the novel. Grahame is directing his reader, to a spiritual journey through connection with the pastoral, through learning, and self-revelation.
Toad’s fascination with new, avarice and consumerism, and his character willing to manipulate with little regard for consequence draws direct parallels with shifts in Edwardian society. The motor car searing through the landscape is symbolic of this disruption. Grahame’s values are ultimately conservative.
In The Pagan Papers, written by Grahame and published in 1898, we see the first seeds of ideas for The Wind in the Willows. The first chapter, named ‘The Romance of the Road’. The author discusses a celebration of journey, nature, travelling and reading and in his April Essay, ‘The Rural Pan,’ equating Pan to quiet moments of introspection when immersed in nature. ‘The Wind in the Willows’ was written towards the end of the Edwardian era when Pan and Pantheism were commonly and overtly associated with writing for children. The anthropomorphic animals
