ercise of this power of punishment can not be arbitrary, but must be exercised in accordance with the rules of political and social consensus, or the rules of unanimous consent of their authorized representatives. This is the origin of legislative and administrative power, and the reason for the emergence of the government and the political society itself.
The purpose of the government is to protect private property. As long as a man separates anything from its natural state of existence, it has been mingled with his labor, that is, with all his own things, and thus it becomes his property. In other words, labor adds something to the natural things so that they become the private property of workers. Labor creates wealth, and money expands wealth. People have property rights in the natural state. The purpose of the government after its establishment is to protect private property, and it must not be infringed on. Therefore, without the consent of the people themselves or their representatives, the government should never impose taxes on the people’s property.
Rule of law and decentralization. The state must be governed by formally promulgated, long-term and effective laws, rather than by temporary arbitrary orders. Once the law is enacted, everyone must obey it equally, no matter whether rich or poor, noble or low. No one can evade the restraint and sanction of the law under any pretext. There are three kinds of state power: legislative power, executive power and foreign power. Legislative power is the supreme power of the state, but it is not, nor can it be absolutely arbitrary with regard to people’s lives and property, and can not take any part of anyone’s property without his consent. Because the same group of people have the power to formulate and enforce laws at the same time, it will tempt people’s weaknesses to seize power, so the legislative power and executive power should be separated. Although there are differences between executive power and foreign power, the two powers are almost always united.
“Non-secular morality” and “secular morality” are my terms. “Non-secular morality” can be described as the morality that does not talk about interests but only about virtue itself; “secular morality” is the morality that needs to be proved by reference to public welfare. In my analysis, Locke separated God’s “law enforcement power” by distinguishing the two kinds of morals. The “right of reward and punishment” in “God exercises the right o
