The oceans and climate change

a. Where does the issue occur?
b. What are the causes/ effects/debates/ solutions?
c. Discuss any political or economic issues applicable to the topic.
d. How do scientists monitor the issue? Equipment?
e. What have scientists learned about the marine environment from studying this issue?

 

Sample Solution

The oceans and climate change

Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth`s temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Oceans are a global force of nature that form the foundation of the blue planet on which we live. The oceans also regulate the global climate. They mediate temperature and drive the weather, determining rainfall, droughts, and floods. But the interaction between these two natural forces is altering, and the exchange is intensifying. As the climate responds to decades of increasing carbon emissions, the store of energy and heat from the atmosphere builds up in the ocean. If we reach a tipping point, we will likely see more extreme weather events, rising seas levels and temperatures.

osophers are now discussing if automatics should be programmed to kill in extreme situations, especially self-driving cars. The companies and the engineers for the driverless cars are now participating in studies of morality, to see who the car should kill when the brake does not work. Surveys about this question are put on a website called Moral Machine and people around the world are all taking part in the surveys. Yet the results have much diversity around the world, according to Maxmen (2018), and only some moral standards are shared globally, such as saving humans in the price of pets. Most people choose to save the most, which is quite a utilitarian decision, and it is acceptable in Edmonds’ (2018) opinion. He thinks “when it comes to machines we will be more tolerant of their making utilitarian decisions.” At the same time, deontologists refuse to make immoral choices in this case that is similar to the trolley problem. Edmond(2018) further argues as humans we still have some deontological sets of mind, that in instinct we would not be willing to use human to save a human. The Kantian theorists explain that it is always the best to stop the car instead of hitting someone. In this case, utilitarianism does seem more practical because decisions have to be made, whether moral or not, but deontology reminds us these situations are extremely rare. The self-driving car problem shows the same debate philosophers had as the trolley problems, and morality seems even more complicated when it is applied to the real possible problems.

Despite the argument, there are some areas where utilitarians and deontologists reach to agreement with different perspective but the same conclusion. One of these issues is meat-consuming. Both theories state that it is immoral to eat meat out of different reasons. Bentham, the father of utilitarianism mentioned before, has a famous quote that is often used to defend animal right: “The question is not, Can they reason? Nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?” (McGregor, 2018) in utilitarianism, animal can suffer. In order to reach the maximised happiness, suffering should be re

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