Ms. Vance, age 28 years, has noticed urgency, frequency, and dysuria recently, as well as an unusual odor to the urine. Urinalysis indicated a heavy concentration of Escherichia coli in the urine, some pus, and WBCs. Ms. T was prescribed antibiotics, which she took for the first few days. This seemed to give her relief, but she then stopped taking the medication. Within a few days, the symptoms returned, but she decided to “just live with it.”
Question 1: Explain why women are predisposed to cystitis.
Question 2: What preventive measures are important in reducing recurrence?
Question 3: Discuss other signs and symptoms that may indicate cystitis.
Question 4: What potential problems may she experience if she does not adhere to the treatment prescribed?
Mr. Rader, age 52 years, is undergoing a routine physical examination for his employer. During palpation of the prostate, the physician noted a hard nodule on the gland’s periphery. Lab tests revealed an elevated PSA level. The remainder of the examination did not reveal any other abnormalities.
Question 1: Using the information given, discuss the presentation of cancer of the prostate.
Question 2: Discuss the predisposing factors for prostate cancer and identify the high-risk groups.
Question 3: Discuss the variation in the growth and course of this type of cancer.
Question 4: Discuss how the decision to treat or not to treat is made early in the course of prostate cancer.
Question 5: If occurs, what additional manifestations will occur, and how will they be treated?
The predisposing factors for prostate cancer
Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Cystitis makes you pee more often, which can be painful or cause a burning sensation. Women are much more likely to get cystitis than men are because their urethra is shorter, which makes it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder. Sometimes cystitis comes “out of the blue” and there is no clear cause. Women who get cystitis a lot can try to observe whether any factors in their everyday life increases the risk of recurrence. If those factors cannot be avoided and they still have recurrent cystitis, they can take medication to prevent cystitis. Antibiotics usually help to relieve acute cystitis quite fast and shorten the duration of the disease. Although this medication can effectively prevent cystitis, it needs to be used regularly.
countries. ‘Free trade area covers all manufactured and agricultural products, although the timetables for reducing tariffs and removing quantitative restrictions and other non-tariff barriers differ, (Association of South Asian Nations, 2009 update on free trade). Due to entry of various industries in the market, infrastructures are improved in collaboration of state’s government and the industries for their market accessibility. Improvement of infrastructures such as roads, railways, communication, electricity, and social amenities by these industries serves as a gateway to developments in these countries. Increased developments results to increase in investments and thus a country realize its development goals of. Although a country does not benefit directly through revenues from tariffs and taxes, the industries help it to meet its development goals. , its development vision is addressed. Improvements of infrastructure such as transport, electricity and social amenities results to improvement of investment capacities of regions and countries, which in turn contribute to economic growth (Jovanovic??, 2013 p. 971). Policies that lift barriers on export and imports by lowering or elimination tariffs and duties encourage export and import of both goods and services to across the region. Developing countries are able to gain revenues from exports while imports supply them with necessary services and goods that are important in steering economic development. For example the European Economic Community elimination of import and export tariffs for its member states encouraged free movement of goods and services across the region in a common market (Bento, 2009 p. 73). Therefore, free trade has contributed greatly to development of small nations through improved trade that encourages export of goods and services without barriers.
Trade liberalization has increased countries integrations and as a result aid to trade inflow to developing countries in terms of technologies and capital has been increased. This has led to strong economic growth, which has been reflected by the increasing gross domestic product and exports for developing countries in East Asia, Africa and Latin America. For example, most of Latin America middle income level countries have integrated with developed countries such as china resulting to improvements of their financial system and consecutive developments (Chen, & Emile, 2013 p. 118). Consequently, technology transfer has led to shift to manufacturing industries, which has attracted investors to the countries. Technology has resulted to increase of improved productivity through lowered cost of production by lowering the cost of labour and increasing relative labour productivity. According to comparative advantage theory by Ricardo, a ‘country should concentrate on production of goods that is best suited at lowered cost in order to improve productivity and economy through export to a second country that is not good in production’ (Bento, 2009 p. 28). Developing countries have been able to achieve improved productivity and specialization through adoption of technologies that have been introduced in their countries by other developed countries through trade liberalization. For example, India h