Describe ONE ACTION that could help mitigate the problem of antimicrobial drug resistant microbes. EXPLAIN HOW this action would slow the spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. You may use solutions presented by others as long as you cite your source!
Besides how your suggested action would reduce the spread of antimicrobial drug resistant microbes (your answer to #1), describe at least one other pro of your suggested action compared to other possible actions. For example: Why might your recommended course of action be more easily implemented, more cost effective, or have a bigger impact on the problem than another approach?
Describe at least one con of your suggested course of action compared with other possible courses of action. For example: Why might some people resist implementation of your course of action?
Discuss the consequences and implications of ignoring the problem of antimicrobial drug resistance.
cyanotoxins due to its toxicity and abundant [10]. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) is recommended a limit of 1 μg/L for total MC-LR for water for human consumptions [11]. MCs cause poisoning for livestock and wildlife and also pose a health hazard for humans through of the drinking water [12]. When MCs ingest orally absorb to hepatocytes and prohibit protein phosphatase, subsequently resulted in cell structures disruption, intrahepatic hemorrhage, and death [13]. In 1996 MC-LR was responsible for the death of least fifty Brazilian kidney dialysis patients [14]. Also, Huisman et al. reported the episodes including skin and respiratory irritations,gastrointestinal disease among swimmers on the Queensland coast from 1996-1998, and a further prevalence of illness among hemodialysis patients in 2001 [15]. Various techniques have suggested for the cyanobacteria cells and MCs control in drinking water, such as coagulation, flocculation, filtration, activated carbon, nanofiltration, oxidation processes and etc. [16,17]. Recently, in order to remove these toxins in raw waters, more studies have focused on the application of advanced oxidation processes using (AOPs) such as UV/H2O2 [18], Fenton regents [19-20], and photocatalysis [21]. In advanced oxidation processes are generated •OH, •O, and •HO2 species that considerably promised for the decomposition of MCs [22,23]. The photocatalysis has also been suggested as an effective approach for the treatment of toxic polluted waters including toxins [24,25]. Many materials such as TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, CdS, MoS2, Fe2O3, WO3, and their various combinations have been examined as photocatalysts for the organic and inorganic pollutants degradation [26]. Among them, semiconductor nanostructures with superior optical and physicochemical characteristics are used for environmental applications. These materials due to exclusive electronic structure act as photocatalysts for photochemical reactions in presence of light [27]. The photon energy required for the photo-excitation of semiconductors depends on their band gap [28]. The region of between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB) is the band gap [29]. TiO2 is one of the semiconductor photocatalysts that because of its chemical stability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity, low cost, and strong oxidizing ability is most interested [30-33], but despite of its desirable properties, because to having of large band gap (~3.2 eV) activates only in the UV light region [27,34]. Therefore, the formation of heterojunction structures between TiO2 and a narrow band gap semiconductor can efficiently extend the photosensitivity of TiO2 into the visible region [35]. Using photocatalysts w