The procedure for naming the coagulation factors.

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1. Explain the procedure for naming the coagulation factors.
2. List the principal coagulation factors.
3. Name the three groupings of coagulation factors and describe their similarities.
4. Describe the individual functional characteristics of each of the coagulation factors.
5. Name the four basic phases of blood coagulation.
6. Describe the sequence of events in the extrinsic pathway.
7. Describe the sequence of events in the intrinsic pathway.
8. Describe the sequence of events in the common coagulation pathway.
9. Describe the importance of vitamin K in hemostasis.
10. Define the term fibrinolysis, and describe the major components of fibrinolytic system and why fibrinolysis is necessary.
11. Describe the activities of antithrombin as a normal body defense mechanism.
12. Name the two heparin-dependent thrombin inhibitors and describe their role as part of the natural anticoagulant system.
13. Describe the functions of protein C and protein S.
14. Explain the activities of the cellular proteases and the role of specific body cells in the production of coagulation factors and cofactors.
15. Name and describe the assay techniques that can be used for the detection of fibrin split products.
16. What are the various categories of anticoagulant therapy and list some examples of each?
17. Compare the mechanisms of vitamin K, severe liver disease, and renal disease on defective blood coagulation factor production.
18. Compare and contrast the X-linked disorders of secondary hemostasis: actor VIII and factor IX deficiencies.
19. Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, and laboratory testing for congenital and acquired von Willebrand’s disorder.
20. Compare the laboratory findings for factor VIII and factor IX deficiencies and von Willebrand’s disease.
21. Give examples of uncommon coagulation factor deficiencies and describe conditions that contribute to the defective production of blood coagulation factors.
22. Define the term thrombophilia.
23. Explain the role of vascular damage and blood flow in the hypercoagulable state.
24. Detail how platelets contribute to hypercoagulation.
25. Compare the molecular and functional assays for diagnosis of antithrombin, protein C and protein S abnormalities.
26. Describe how activated protein C contributes to thrombophilia.
27. Describe the activity of blood coagulation factors in increasing the tendency toward thrombosis.
28. Explain the characteristic and laboratory findings in antiphospholipid syndrome.
29. Describe the relationship between impaired fibrinolysis and protein C, antithrombin, and plasminogen.
30. Describe the laboratory assessments that illustrate the condition of hypercoagulation.

 

 

 

 

Sample Solution

The procedure for naming the coagulation factors

Blood coagulation is a process that changes circulating substances within the blood into an insoluble gel. The gel plugs leaks in blood vessels and stops the loss of blood. The process requires coagulation factors, calcium and phospholipids. The coagulation factors (protein) are manufactured by the liver. Ionized calcium (Ca++) is available in the blood and from intracellular sources. Fibrinogen, prothrombin, thromboplastin are among the different coagulation factors involved in the coagulation cascade that are vital to normal blood clotting. The coagulation factors are divided into 3 coagulation groups: fibrinogen group, prothrombin group, and contact group.

Political communications between the American people and the American President have evolved dramatically since the foundation of the Republic, and the scale of communication has grown exponentially. With the growth and evolution of both political communications and the American Presidency, the current president, Donald J. Trump, is now harnessing relatively new forms of interaction to not only personally and immediately convey messages to his supporters at any time, but is also using political communication channels to directly present Presidential views and decisions to the American public. The central research question of this essay is to ask: is Donald Trump’s use of political communication represents a fundamentally new approach to the ways in American Presidents use political communications? To answer this question, the paper will analyze forms of political communications by American Presidents from the late 1800s and show how Presidential political communications have changed over time as newspapers gave way to radio, which gave way to television, which gave way to the early Internet. This provides a necessary historical context to the current period. In so doing, it will demonstrate that Donald Trump’s Presidential communications are primarily aimed at his core electoral base. They are not aimed at the broader American population. In particular, Trump’s use of Twitter allows him to immediately and authentically address his base, without any third parties mediating his communications.

Trump is the first president whose in-the-moment 140-character thoughts can be read by millions of people around the world; such immediacy was not possible in the age of newspapers, radio, television or even the early days of the Internet. Moreover, Twitter allows Trump’s supporters to immediately articulate their support for his political positions; the unmediated relationship between Trump and his supporters witnessed in his tweets reinforces his tendency to present immediate and unilaterally-decided policy decisions, without the advice of counsellors, and then expect his staff to scramble to react. This allows Trump to be the center of attention, which is a trait that he has displayed since his days as a star of reality television. His approach to political communications thus in fact reinforces his autarchic approach to policy-making, because Trump is able to introduce policies independently of his advisors and directly present them to his followers on Twitter in real time. This matters because histor

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