Sample Solution

The defense mechanism at work here is externalization. This occurs when an individual projects the blame for a failure or mistake onto someone else rather than accepting responsibility themselves (Zastrow & Hessenauer 2019). In this case, the student is using externalization as a coping mechanism to avoid confronting their own shortcomings.

In terms of overcoming this defensiveness, Gibb’s model suggests that the first step is for both parties to identify and recognize that a communication breakdown has occurred due to one or both of them becoming defensive (Gibb 1981). Once this has been established, it is important for both people involved to express understanding as well as acceptance for each other’s perspectives which should help reduce tensions between them (Gibb 1981). Additionally, it would be beneficial for the defensive party to reflect on why they are feeling frustrated and what other options they have available in order to gain insight into their underlying motivations. Through this process they can come up with more constructive ways of dealing with negative emotions while fostering healthier dialogue within their relationships.

Ultimately these steps rely heavily on open communication which requires individuals to be honest with themselves as well as each other if any real progress is going to be made. Furthermore, the professor could also utilize active listening techniques such as paraphrasing in order to ensure that they fully understand what the student is trying convey (Lazarus 2010). This could serve helpful in addressing any feelings of helplessness experienced by either side while allowing them address issues more productively.