Situational crime prevention (SCP) focuses on the ways in which crime can be prevented and opportunities for crime can be reduced (Clarke, 1980). SCP is considered an essential part of the United Nations Economic and Social Council`s (ECOSOC) Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime (UNODC, 2010). The five proposed strategies to prevent and/or reduce crime involve: increasing the effort to offend; increasing the risks of detection and apprehension; reducing the rewards for offending; reducing provocations that lead to offending; and removing excuses for offending. A small group of systematic reviews of situational crime prevention evaluations has consistently found them to be effective (Eck and Guerette 2012). It has also been argued that situational prevention is most effective with casual, uncommitted offenders and least effective with persistent or chronic offenders.
Architectural critic Rachel Carley said “’Litchfield has always been a place where people had gone after the best, including the best art and design. These modernist houses aren’t a break with the past, but a continuation”29, suggesting that the originality of the distinct design is making the past present again.
Breuer developed through at least four recognisable phases, across 100 buildings. New concepts such as his ‘binuclear’ houses with bedrooms in a separate wing to the rest of the house, adopted inspiration from others, such as the notable Swiss architect, Le Corbusier (1887-1965) and his use of concrete from 1956. The Whitney Museum of American Art in New York which he designed in 1966 is a prime example of extensive use of glass and remains very contemporary, strong geometric shapes and concrete structural supports share much with modernists such as Wright.
One of Corbusier’s most famous quotes is “a house is a machine for living in”30, linking to function over form. He said that “Reinforced concrete provided me with incredible resources”31.
A century on, the influence of the Bauhaus School remains- through embrasing modern materials and manufacturing methods, coupled with the strive for economic design, production and functional performance. This design simplicity and performance efficiency subsequently defined brands which where deemed modernist and perhaps ‘Germanic’ such as Dieter Rams32 at Braun, and brands such as Bosch and Siemens.
A global presence can be felt in brands such as Habitat, IKEA, Zara Home and Made.com, where Buahas, modernist design can be seen as a differeniator to divert attention from the lower cost, economically produced items.
Architecture styles have changed and developed, the Bauhaus school could be viewed as plain or austere; unforgiving however it informs the development of most modernist architecture today.
Whilst many comtempory designed minimalist products, such as the products of IKEA, show a connection to Bauhaus design, as illustrated by the two adjacent cantilever chairs, the comtempory design is different. There is however also a business selling officially sanctioned versions of original Bauhaus designs or close ‘trib
