Diagnostic testing for tuberculosis (TB)
The following diagnostic tests may be ordered to confirm a diagnosis of TB:
- Sputum smear and culture: This is the most common test for TB. It involves collecting a sample of sputum (mucus from the lungs) and examining it for TB bacteria. The sputum sample may also be cultured to grow and identify TB bacteria.
- Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray may show signs of TB, such as inflammation in the lungs or lymph nodes.
- Tuberculin skin test (TST): The TST is a skin test that is used to check for exposure to TB bacteria. If the person has been exposed to TB bacteria, they will develop a raised, red bump at the injection site within 48 to 72 hours.
- Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA): The IGRA is a blood test that is used to check for exposure to TB bacteria. It is more sensitive than the TST and is less likely to give false-positive results.
Isolation precautions for TB
Wilson will likely be placed in airborne isolation precautions. This means that he will be kept in a single room with the door closed. Air from his room will be filtered to prevent the spread of TB bacteria to other people.
Healthcare workers who enter Wilson’s room will need to wear a respirator mask, goggles, and a gown.
Treatment regimen for TB
The recommended treatment regimen for TB is a combination of four drugs: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. These drugs are taken together for six to nine months.
Combination drug therapy is used to prevent the development of drug resistance. TB bacteria can become resistant to individual drugs, but it is much less likely that they will become resistant to a combination of four drugs.
Reasons for non-compliance with TB treatment
There are several reasons why patients with TB may not comply with their treatment regimen:
- The treatment regimen is long and complex. Patients need to take four drugs every day for six to nine months.
- The drugs can have side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and liver problems.
- Some patients may not have access to healthcare or may not be able to afford the cost of the drugs.
- Some patients may not understand the importance of completing the full course of treatment.
What should be done for Wilson’s 6 roommates?
Wilson’s 6 roommates should be tested for TB. If they are positive for TB, they will need to be treated. If they are negative for TB, they should be monitored for signs of infection.
Wilson’s roommates should also be educated about TB, including the signs and symptoms of infection and the importance of completing the full course of treatment.
Additional information
TB is a serious infectious disease that is caused by bacteria. It is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. TB can affect the lungs, but it can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, and spine.
TB is a treatable disease, but it is important to complete the full course of treatment to prevent the development of drug resistance.
If you have any questions or concerns about TB, please talk to your doctor.
