The role of the orchestra
“How has the role of the orchestra evolved?”
Discuss the way in which the role of the orchestra changed over the course of the early Baroque period, the Classical period, and the Romantic period. Consider social and economic factors in addition to musical. Use examples of how different composers employed orchestral forces. Feel free to discuss the role of the modern orchestra as well, although this is not required.
Sample Solution
The word “orchestra” is Greek in origins, and originally meant the place where Greek chorus sang and danced. The term was revived during the late 17th century and evolved to mean the players themselves. Orchestras has its roots from the 16th century consorts employed in noble households, and to groups of instrumentalists especially assembled for important occasions. After that, the formation and evolution of orchestras are as followed in the four periods. In Baroque music, strings were the most important part. Baroque orchestras had from 10 to 30 players, primarily strings. In the Baroque orchestra, the strings and winds played the same sort of music melodically and rhythmically. The woodwind and brass were used as melodic instruments but later they were mainly used to sustain the harmony. In the baroque period, the orchestra was not standardized in size. There were large differences in size, instrumentation and playing styles – and therefore orchestral soundscapes and palettes – between the various European regions. Classical orchestras used 30 to 60 players in four sections: strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. Classical composers exploited the individual tone colors of instruments and they do not treat instruments interchangeably.
