The tax laws are codified in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC)

 

1. Explain how community property laws can affect the allocation of income between spouses
2. The tax laws are codified in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Congress passes the tax laws, the President signs them into law, and the Internal Revenue Service enforces the laws. Gifts and inheritances are not taxable income to the recipient, generally. Says who? IRC 102(a) says so. See the structure of the IRC in the Supporting Materials. Also, look at IRC 61 in the Supporting Materials. What does it address? Basically, IRC 61 states that all income from whatever source is gross income, unless specifically excluded, gifts and inheritances for example. Chapter three is all about sources of taxable income and exclusions from income. Discuss what surprised you with regard to what’s taxable and what isn’t.

Sample Solution

these changes may produce more cost-effective medication, a drawback may be the lack of market diversity. Rather than having one pharmaceutical company dictating the price, the federal government is dictating the price thus creating a lack of competition. Having one body dictate everything may create tensions between pharmaceutical companies and the government; thus, change might not be made at all.
Next, pharmaceutical companies spend a substantial amount of money on marketing rather than research.  At this point, we are unaware of the exact cost breakdown of pharmaceutical company revenue. There is no requirement for documentation to show the difference between profits, money used for marketing, and money used for research.  Often times, marketing costs are categorized into research funds. By enforcing transparency, we may have better insight into the way drug prices are set and can determine whether set prices are justified. For the past 20 years, leading drug companies earned more than 70% of their sales from products they did not develop.  More transparency with prices and clinical outcomes would allow physicians, patients, and payers to understand the true value of a treatment. Ultimately, transparency is about ensuring patients have access to the drugs they need, and creating a sustainable, vibrant, and innovative healthcare system for everyone. However as with our previous proposal, we took into consideration potential drawbacks to having drug pricing transparency.  If we become stricter with the way finances are reported, pharmaceutical companies may in turn resort to increasing drug prices, leading to an additional rise in costs and spending. If manufacturers are required to disclose drug pricing, the process of gathering and disseminating this information may become time intensive and potentially result in less profitability to the manufacturer (ncbi article). A decrease in profitability may cause a decline in innovation and the desire to conduct innovative research.

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