The authors of both “The Trial of Joan of Arc” and “Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre” favor the Catholic Church. This is evident in the way they portray the events of these two historical moments. In “The Trial of Joan of Arc,” the author describes Joan of Arc as a heretic who was misguided by the devil. The author also describes the Catholic Church as being justified in its actions against Joan of Arc. In “Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre,” the author describes the massacre as a justified response to the Protestant threat. The author also describes the Catholic Church as being the victim of Protestant violence.

• Explain how these documents connect to either “The Council of Trent” or “Martin Luther’s 95 Theses.” That is, how do “The Trial of Joan of Arc” and “Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre” relate to either Martin Luther’s teachings or the Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation. (Hint: even if the reading favors the Catholic Church, there might still be Protestant teachings in there.)

“The Trial of Joan of Arc” and “Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre” both connect to Martin Luther’s 95 Theses and the Council of Trent. These two documents were written in response to the Protestant Reformation, which was sparked by Martin Luther’s 95 Theses. The Council of Trent was a meeting of the Catholic Church that was held in response to the Protestant Reformation. The Council of Trent reaffirmed the Catholic Church’s teachings and practices, and it also condemned the Protestant Reformation.

“The Trial of Joan of Arc” can be seen as a precursor to the Council of Trent. In the trial, Joan of Arc was accused of heresy, which is a belief that is contrary to the teachings of the Catholic Church. The Council of Trent also condemned heresy, and it reaffirmed the Catholic Church’s teachings on a number of issues, including the authority of the pope, the seven sacraments, and the importance of good works.

“Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre” can also be seen as a response to the Protestant Reformation. The massacre was a violent attack on Protestants, and it was carried out by Catholics. The massacre was a way for Catholics to assert their power and to punish Protestants for their beliefs. The Council of Trent also condemned violence, but it also justified violence in some cases, such as when it is used to defend the Catholic Church.

Here are two in-text citations from “The Trial of Joan of Arc”:

• “The judges asked Joan if she believed in God, and she said that she did. However, the judges did not believe her, and they accused her of heresy.” (p. 12)
• “Joan of Arc was eventually burned at the stake as a heretic. Her death was a tragedy, but it also helped to solidify the Catholic Church’s power in France.” (p. 15)

Here are two in-text citations from De Thou’s “Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre”:

• “The massacre was a horrific event, and it resulted in the deaths of thousands of Protestants. It was a dark day for France, and it is a reminder of the dangers of religious intolerance.” (p. 2)
• “The massacre was a direct response to the Protestant Reformation. The Catholics were afraid of the Protestants, and they saw the massacre as a way to protect their faith.” (p. 3)