Power is a force that needs an object: to have power, a person has to have it over something, or someone. Plato`s “The Republic” and Machiavelli`s “The Prince” are two of political theory`s most definite works. While they may differ widely in their general approaches to political philosophy, their conceptions of leadership share certain key characteristics. Plato and Machiavelli treat the revolutionary leader in the same vein, essentially prescribing different leaders through the same process. They each find their respective society fundamentally lacking in political efficacy, and thus seek to reestablish their conception of the political cycle.
he first search included the term ‘coping’ and the following limiters were used to narrow the scope of the articles; students, athletes, college graduates, student undergraduates, alcohol/drinking, colleges and universities, college fraternities and sororities, college sports. This search proffered 67 articles, of the 67 articles only 39 were deemed acceptable for use in the scoping review. The second search included the term ‘coping mechanism’ and the same limiters were applied. The second search produced 53 articles, with 4 duplicates, however, only 23 were acceptable for use in the review. The third and final search used the term ‘coping with stress’ and the same limiters were applied. The third search generated 29 articles, 22 of which were duplicates, and only 4 deemed acceptable. A total of 66 articles were compiled for the scoping review.
The 66 articles on coping were then divided into eight different section topics based on the content of the articles. The topics included; substance abuse, spirituality, social media, mental health, medical, identity, grief/traumatic events, and coping strategies. Several articles were placed into more than one section if the topic of the article fit into multiple subject areas. The section of choice for this scoping review focused on five articles from the grief/traumatic events area and two articles from the mental health area.
Data Extraction
Perera & Fraizer (2013), reviewed the effects of potentially traumatic events on religiosity and spirituality. The concise and logically organized level IV prospective longitudinal research article had confusing tables and vague results. A sample of 244 undergraduate psychology students, half the students experienced a potentially traumatic event [PTE], while the other half did not. Both groups completed two online surveys two months apart. There was no significant difference between the PTE group and the control group in relation to changes in religiosity and spirituality. However, actual and perceived change in religiosity and spirituality occurred within both groups; these changes were based on alterations in personal realms and not related to a PTE (Perera & Fraizer, 2013). Religion is often viewed as a coping mechanism, and this study highlights the lack of change in religiosity and spirituality after a PTE, thus emphasizing the importance of religion as an effective coping mechanism.
Prout, T. A., Gerber, L. E., & Gottdiener, W. H. (2015) focuse
