Theories in nursing

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Select Two of the following questions to answer. Restate the questions you selected in the discussion forum and answer each separately.

Question: Based on Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings, explain how the process of aging is not a process of decline but a creative process of growing diversity of field patterning based on the postulates of Rogerian Science and the Principles of Homeodynamics.

Question: Based on Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings and Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness, discuss how dying and death can be viewed from their perspectives.

Question: Rogers’ unitary pattern-based practice provides a new way of thinking and distinguishes nursing from other disciplines (Butcher & Malinski, 2020 in Smith, 2020). Discuss nursing interventions that are guided by and consistent with Rogers’ Science.

Question: Parse believes that individuals co-create reality as a seamless symphony of becoming and emphasizes the importance of true presence. How does Parse explain “true presence.” Thinking about your own nurse-patient relationships, describe an experience of true presence with a patient?

Sample Solution

Question 1: Aging as a Creative Process

Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings posits that individuals are unitary beings, constantly interacting with their environment and evolving as a whole. This perspective suggests that aging is not a process of decline but rather a creative process of growing diversity of field patterning.

According to Rogers’ postulates, individuals are characterized by openness (continuous interaction with the environment), pattern (the organization of human experiences), and pandimensionalism (the interconnectedness of all aspects of human existence). As individuals age, their experiences and interactions with the environment change, leading to new patterns of organization and growth. This process of diversification and complexity is not a sign of decline but rather a reflection of the individual’s ongoing development.

Principles of Homeodynamics

Rogers’ Principles of Homeodynamics further support the idea of aging as a creative process. These principles include:

  • Unity: The individual is a unified whole, not a collection of parts.
  • Openness: Individuals are open systems that continuously interact with their environment.
  • Pattern: Individuals have unique patterns of organization and behavior.
  • Pandimensionality: Individuals exist in multiple dimensions, including physical, psychological, and spiritual.

By understanding these principles, nurses can view aging as a natural and positive process, rather than a period of decline.

Question 2: Dying and Death from Rogers’ and Newman’s Perspectives

Rogers’ Perspective

According to Rogers, death is a natural part of the human experience and should be viewed as a continuation of life. She believes that individuals continue to evolve and grow even after death. This perspective emphasizes the importance of providing compassionate and supportive care to dying individuals and their families.

Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

Newman’s theory suggests that health is a process of expanding consciousness and becoming more aware of oneself and the world. From this perspective, death can be seen as a natural extension of this process of expansion. Dying can be an opportunity for individuals to deepen their understanding of themselves and their place in the universe.

Conclusion

Both Rogers and Newman offer valuable perspectives on aging, dying, and death. By understanding these concepts, nurses can provide more compassionate and supportive care to patients at all stages of life.

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