Trade-off between equity and efficiency in public policy

Is there a trade-off between equity and efficiency in public policy, or can the two goals be reached simultaneously? Hyman (2021) addresses this issue of analyzing social choices and shows how utility curves are used to determine trade-offs. The utility curve concept measures the benefits received by different groups in relation to their costs. Further, Hyman (2021) defines the efficiency criterion as using resources in a way that makes it “impossible to increase the well-being of any one person without reducing the well- being of any other person” (p. 50).

By Day 3
Post by Day 3 an explanation for how public policies might be designed so that they are both equitable and efficient. Your explanation should include the following:

A description of the efficiency criterion that shows how the marginal conditions for efficiency can be used to identify efficient public service delivery that is also equitable
An explanation of how a utility-possibility curve can illustrate trade-offs between equity and efficiency
A description of why knowing who benefits from a proposed policy and whether changes in income distribution result is important

 

Sample Solution

When there is a contradiction between maximizing economic efficiency and maximizing society’s equity (or fairness) in some way, it is called an equity-efficiency tradeoff. If such a tradeoff exists, economists or public authorities may choose to forego some economic efficiency in order to achieve a more just or equal society. When an economy’s efficiency is maximized at the expense of its equity—that is, how evenly its wealth or income is distributed—an equity-efficiency tradeoff occurs. Most economic theories have as a fundamental normative objective the production of products and services that deliver the most benefit at the lowest cost.

CFT was made for individuals who experience elevated degrees of disgrace and self-analysis in complex emotional wellness issues. Sympathy is a significant part for any client-advisor relationship, and the point of CFT is to build up the liberating sensation, wellbeing and consolation to balance the disgrace, culpability and some other undesirable feelings or sentiments. CFT is particularly for individuals who have a more predominant feeling of looming dangers (Gilbert, 2009). This treatment is fitting for PTSD as the people who have the problem have encountered very terrible occasions, like conflict or rape, and therefor are more ready and may decipher and expect the past occasions to occur in their regular routine. They may likewise censure themselves for not acting contrastingly before the awful accident which can prompt unsavory contemplations, disgrace and self-analysis (Lee, Scragg and Turner, 2001). It isn’t so generally utilized as CBT and along these lines, there is considerably less exploration on CFT and PTSD, but the examination accessible is positive. Au, Sauer-Zavala, King, Petrocchi, Barlow and Litz (2017) investigated how CFT added to the decrease of raised injury related disgrace in PTSD. Their outcomes were positive and showed an enormous number of members having a decrease in disgrace and furthermore in side effect seriousness.

Openness Therapy (ET) targets learned avoidant ways of behaving because of circumstances that somebody with PTSD could connect with the justification behind their injury. The point of the treatment is to “uncover” a client to what they dread or keep away from in a protected manner to diminish the trepidation and lessen evasion by desensitization (Craske, Treanor, Conway, Zbozinek and Vervliet, 2014). Because of ET focusing on educated ways of behaving, it is utilized routinely related to CBT (Foa, Rothbaum and Furr, 2003). A more present day take on ET is utilizing Virtual Reality, and it is fundamentally utilized with veterans of battle, as the scenes they were presented to are simpler to reproduce than different types of injury, like rape, and is an option in contrast to creative mind openness (Rothbaum et al., 1999). Miyahira, Folen, Hoffman, Garcia-Palacios and Schaper (2010) directed a contextual investigation of a Vietnam veteran that had finished year and a half in Iraq north of two organizations. In this review, the fighter was treated with Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE) north of 6 meetings. The member detailed that the VR headset caused him to feel like he were back in Iraq and assisted him with recalling occasions of what happened all the more plainly. This is empowering as the mark of ET is to empower members to re-experience their injury to have the option to handle it appropriately and therefor start the mending system and to keep victims of PTSD from growing long haul mental

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