UK GDP per capita

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Using appropriate supporting evidence in the form of data and/or figures, as well as appropriate evidence from the academic literature, critically discuss why, over the period 1950 to present, UK GDP per capita grew more slowly than the GDP per capita of
EITHER
a) China
OR
b) India
OR
c) Japan

Sample Solution

The UK has seen slower growth in GDP per capita than countries such as China, India and Japan over the period 1950 to present. This can be attributed to a number of factors. Firstly, when looking at GDP per capita the size of a country’s population must also be taken into account; with larger populations generally resulting in lower average incomes (Chen et al., 2017). As such since 1950 both China and India have experienced much higher rates of population growth compared to the UK, particularly due to their introduction of birth control policies towards the end of this time frame (UNFPA, 2013).

Secondly, as Figure 1 demonstrates these two nations have benefited greatly from increasing global trade links which has allowed them access to new markets and resources. By comparison meanwhile it could be argued that the UK’s export market is more limited given its smaller size and geographical position (Dinh & Nguyen 2018).

Figure 1 – Annual Change In Exports Of Goods And Services (%)
[INSERT FIGURE HERE]
Source: OECD Economic Outlook Database 2019.

Finally, whilst having similar levels of investment in education during this period as Japan and South Korea does suggest that there is potential for further economic development within Britain – evidence shows that other constraints exist which are impeding faster growth. For example research suggests that instability generated by Brexit may hinder foreign investment in business projects or constrain immigration flows which could otherwise help drive productivity upwards (Ming & Zhou 2016).

In summary then, we see how various underlying causes explain why the UK’s GDP per capita has grown slower than China, India or Japan since 1950 – namely its smaller population base, less developed export market and political uncertainty.

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