Why agriculture has the highest birth rates

 

 

Among the three livelihoods, agriculture has the highest birth rates among the three. Farming families encourage childbearing because they look at their children as an extra pair of hands to help around. (That’s sad.) In that way, children are valuable. For industrial countries, the number of births equal the number of deaths so the population is declining. These families want fewer children because of the fewer labor demands on industrialism, which requires for their children to mandatory attend school. Child costs are also high. In countries, like the United States, that provide old-age security and pension plans, the need for children is reduced (Miller, 2017). Foraging groups are in the middle. They do have children, but there is a lot of years in between the next child they have. The cause is because of breastfeeding (a natural way of birth control) and a woman’s low level of body fat (suppresses ovulation as well). Fertility decision making is more powerful at the international level. For example, Western countries promoted many types of family planning programs in developing countries. It has become more restrictive though in recent decades, as the United States doesn’t support abortion anymore in family planning and promotes abstinence in its place. This is controversial for it clashes with those developing countries beliefs and values. This is a form of fertility control.
In the topic of fertility control, people have tried to find ways to increase it, reduce it, and regulate it,. Some ways include herbs or medicines, hitting one’s abdomen, lifting heavy objects to induce abortions, etc. Also, again, breastfeeding to space out their next child since it a form of birth control. A lot of women will seek abortion because of poverty or because their type of labor does not let them take care of a child. Countries like China, with their One-Child-per-Couple Policy, did it to control overpopulation.
Social aspects of fertility and reproduction differ around the word. For example, in Cairo, Egypt, Infertile men are shamed for their condition.

SSC-327
(E.C.)

Modes of reproduction are the dominant pattern in culture, of population change through the combined effect of fertility, or a number of births in a given population or per woman, and mortality or the number of deaths in a given population. (Miller) With foraging, we will grow in the population due to an increase in the birthrate. It is not a huge growth but a moderate in increase births and moderate growth in the death rate. They look at the children more as future workers than family. The control of fertility is done by moderate means through indirect means such as low-fat diets for the women and the work and exercise for the women. Unfortunately, the direct means is infanticide killing of the young who do not contribute to the community also to keep the population under control. Special Aspects there are very few specialists.
With agriculture the population growth is high but so is the death rate. The value of children is very high as they see children as more than workers. Birth control is also introduced with agriculture through the plants and herbs that are gathered. Births are more safely done with midwives and herbalists.
Industrial/digital is about the high development of countries. The value of children is mixed that there are some in the community who see children as something good and there are some who see children as a burden. There is a growth in the population there is also growth in science and knowledge. With this growth in medicine, there is growth in birth control contraceptives. Also the with medicine the rate of life is longer. With all the changes we get to see the growth of education and the growth of people’s lives.

 

 

 

Sample Solution

the rising interest and concern of women’s fear of crime in the 1980s, it has prompted academics to write literature on the topic. A topic seen throughout the literature is women’s fear of violent crime and the effects on women (Maxfield and Skogan 1981; Mesch 2000; Pain 1997; Stanko 1995). Many academics have tried to understand and explain why women are much more vulnerable and scared of violent crime than men. Warr (1984) wrote that “fear of crime is fear of rape” this suggests that women’s fear of crime stem from the fear of rape. This concept is also highlighted by a number of academics for example, Maxfield (1984) found that by analysing the British Crime Survey in 1982 that women feel less safe due to their fear of sexual assault. All women fear sexual violence but it has been argued that women of a high class are able to deal with the effects and danger more easily (Gordon and Riger 1989; Stanko 1990; Valentine 1989). It has been suggested that the lower classes have a lack of acceptance socially and are socially marginalized which increases their fear of crime. Women’s fear has also been said to have stemmed from images of crime, (Madriz 1997; Mesch 2000) these images portray who is most likely to commit crime and where crime is most likely to happen. This portrayal of images can have effects on where women go and move through the city (Valentine 1989). Valentine goes on to explain the routes that women take are “coping strategies” as they have to take a certain route to reduce the fear of being victimised. This may include taking a longer route purely because the area is more lit up or in a more populated area. Kinsey (1984) talks about the concept of a “virtual curfew” some women may have when going to some urban areas at night. This highlights the fact the fear of crime has taken over the lives of some women and they have to change their daily routine in order to avoid being a victim of crime. However, many academics believe that the outdoors isn’t the only place women fear vulnerable to crime. A lot of crime happens at home as women are at risk of being victimised by an intimate (Mesch 2000; Stanko 1988). Academics have shown women’s fear of crime by mapping areas where it happens (Stanko 1990, Madriz 1997). However Pain (1997) disagrees this is a good approach for violent crime as the British Crime Survey has revealed violence against women is massively underreported to both police and researchers. Domestic violence has become an increasingly worrying issue as in the United States it now constitutes the greatest common cause of nonfatal injury to females. The interest of women’s fear of crime has highlighted the magnitude of scale and how important it is do something about it and has therefore enabled crime prevention schemes directly aimed at women (Stanko 1995). For example there are now many rape crisis and sexual harassment shelters to help support women about confronting this type of violence. Women have united together in supporting women’s fear of crime and have held “take back the night” marches to show women they are not alone. These movements have highlighted the reality of most women’s fear and also enabled the public to understand it too. This literature is only taken from the UK and the USA therefore, could be seen to disregard women’s fear of crime in poore

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